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Molecules to Cells - Genetics and Virology > Lecture 29. Mendelian Inheritance > Flashcards

Lecture 29. Mendelian Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A unit of inheritance, a section of DNA sequence encoding a single protein

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2
Q

What is a genome ?

A

The entire set of genes in an organism

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3
Q

What is an allele ?

A

Two genes that occupy the same position on homologous chromosomes and that cover the same trait

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4
Q

What is the locus ?

A

A fixed location on a strand of DNA where a gene or one of its alleles is located

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5
Q

What does the term homozygous mean ?

A

Having identical genes (one from each parent) for a particular characteristic

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6
Q

What does the term heterozygous mean ?

A

Having two different genes for a particular characteristic

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7
Q

What does the term dominant mean ?

A

The allele of a gene that masks or suppresses the expression of an alternate allele; the trait appears in the heterozygous condition

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8
Q

What does the term recessive mean ?

A

An allele that is masked by a dominant allele, it does not appear in the heterozygous condition only in the homozygous

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9
Q

What is the genotype ?

A

The genetic makeup of an organism

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10
Q

What is the phenotype ?

A

The physical appearance of an organism (genotype + environment)

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11
Q

What is a monohybrid cross ?

A

A genetic cross involving a single pair of genes

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12
Q

What does P stand for ?

A

Parental generation

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13
Q

What does F1 stand for ?

A

First generation offspring from a genetic cross

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14
Q

What does F2 stand for ?

A

Second generation of a genetic cross

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15
Q

What did Mendel work with ?

A

Pure lines of peas

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16
Q

Prior to Mendel what was heredity and offspring regarded as ?

A

Heredity was regarded as a blending process and the offspring were essentially a dilution of the different parental characteristics

17
Q

What was Mendel the first biologist to do ?

A

To use maths to explain results quantitatively

18
Q

What did Mendel predict ?

A
  1. The concept of genes
  2. That genes occur in plants
  3. That one gene of each pair is present in the gametes
19
Q

What were the 7 traits Mendel examined ?

A
  1. Round or wrinkled
  2. Yellow or green
  3. Purple or white petals
  4. Inflated or pinched ripe pods
  5. Green or yellow pods
  6. Axial or terminal flowers
  7. Long or short stems
20
Q

What are the two types of alzheimers ?

A
  1. Genetic

2. Sporadic

21
Q

What can alzheimer’s caused by ?

A

Build up of plaque (amyloid)

22
Q

What is Mendel’s principle of dominance ?

A

Independent segregation of 2 alleles

23
Q

What is Mendel’s principle of segregation ?

A

Independent assortment of 2 characters

24
Q

What is Mendel’s law of dominance ?

A

One factor in a pair of traits dominated the other in inheritance unless both factors in the pair are recessive

25
Q

What gene is effected in age related muscular degeneration and what is its position ?

A
  1. Rhodopsin gene

2. 3q

26
Q

How would you find the combined probability of two traits occurring, for example yellow and round ?

A

By multiplying the probability of yellow occurring by the probability of round occurring

27
Q

What is linkage ?

A

Tendency of genes from the same chromosome to remain together when they enter the gamete

28
Q

What is recombination ?

A

The appearance of new combinations of alleles

29
Q

What is termed a Mendelian disease ?

A

When mutations in a single gene cause a disease

30
Q

What are some examples of Mendelian disorders ?

A
  1. Cystic Fibrosis
  2. Leber’s congenital amaurosis
  3. Huntington’s disease
  4. Haemophilia
31
Q

What type of inheritance does Huntington’s disease have ?

A

Autosomal dominant inheritance

32
Q

When may inheritance of characters by a single gene deviate from simple Mendelian patterns ?

A
  1. When alleles are not completely dominant or recessive (dosage sensitivity)
  2. When a gene has more than two alleles
  3. When a gene produces multiple phenotypes
33
Q

What were Alfred Sturtevant ideas ?

A
  1. Proposed that percentage recombinants could be used to measure distance between genes
  2. Constructed the first genetic map
34
Q

In humans, how many chromosomes do somatic cells have ?

A

46

35
Q

In humans, how many pairs of chromosomes do somatic cells have ?

A

23

36
Q

What does the term diploid mean ?

A

Two versions of each gene

37
Q

What does the formation of germ cells require ?

A

Require a reduction division or meiosis

38
Q

What is the process of meiosis ?

A

Homologous chromosomes pair up at metaphase 1, and each segregates into a different germ cell

Molecules to Cells - Genetics and Virology (16 decks)

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