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Biochemistry > Lecture 33: Integration of Metabolism > Flashcards

Lecture 33: Integration of Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Primary fuel of the liver is

A

Fatty acids

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2
Q

Reaction rate of glucokinase and what is synthesized during fed vs starved state in liver

A

Fed- High glucokinase RR, synthesis of fatty acids/TAGS

Starve- Low glucokinase RR, synthesis of ketone bodies

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3
Q

The liver can ____ but not ___ ketone bodies

A

Can produce but not use ketone bodies

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4
Q

Which organs contain urea cycle enzymes

A

Liver/kidney

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5
Q

A decrease in NAD levels will cause what in the liver

A

Decreased: Gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, TCA cycle, B-oxidation
Increased: Lactate/ketone bodies (acidosis), TAGs

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6
Q

Which pathways will be used in the liver during fed state

A

Glycogenesis

FA synthesis

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7
Q

Which pathways will be used in fasting state in liver

A

B-oxidation of fatty acids

Glycogenolysis

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8
Q

Which pathways will be used in starved state in liver

A

B-oxidation/ketogenesis of fatty acid to form ketone bodies

Gluconeogenesis to form glucose from AAs

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9
Q

Which pathways are used during fed state in muscle

A

Glycolysis

Glycogenesis

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10
Q

Which pathways used during fasting state in muscle

A

B-oxidation/ketogenesis of FA to form ketone bodies

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11
Q

Which pathways used during starved state in muscle

A

Proteolysis to from AA from protein

Ketogenesis to form ketone bodies from FA

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12
Q

Which pathways used during Fed/fasting/starving state in heart

A

B-oxidation of fatty acids during fed/fasting

Ketone bodies used in TCA cycle during starvation

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13
Q

Which pathways used during fed/fasting/starving state in brain

A

Glucose used in glycolysis/TCA cycle during fed/fasting

Ketone bodies used in TCA cycle during starvation

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14
Q

Which pathways used during fed/fasting/starving state in adipose tissue

A

Fed- Fatty acids–>TAGs

Fasting/Starving- TAGs–> fatty acids/glycerol (lipolysis)

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15
Q

AMPK during fed state is active/inactive

A

Inactive

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16
Q

What are activators/inhibitors of AMPK

A

AMP activates

ATP inhibits

17
Q

AMPK activates enzymes in what pathways and deactivates enzymes in what other pathways

A

Activates enzymes in energy producing (catabolic) pathways

Deactivates enzymes in energy requiring (anabolic) pathways

18
Q

mTOR activation state when fed

A

Activated in fed state

19
Q

mTOR activators/inhibitors

A

Activated by insulin

Inhibited by AMPK

20
Q

mTOR activates/deactivates enzymes in which pathways

A

Activates in energy requiring (anabolic) pathways

Deactivates in energy producing (catabolic) pathways

21
Q

AMPK can bind how many ATPs

A

4

22
Q

Origin/destination/role of chylomicrons

A

O- Intestine
D- Adipocytes
Role- TAG transport

23
Q

Origin/destination/role of VLDL

A

O- Liver
D- Adipocytes
Role- TAG transport

24
Q

Origin/destination/role of IDL

A

O- VLDL
D- Liver, adipocytes
Role- Intermediate molecule

25
Q

Origin/destination/role of LDL

A

O- VLDL
D- All cells
Role- Cholesterol distribution

26
Q

Origin/destination/role of HDL

A

O- Liver (empty)
D- Liver (full)
Role- Cholesterol collection

27
Q

What do sirtuins do and when are they activated

A

Deacetylate Lysine using NAD+

Activated when NAD is high and NADH is low

28
Q

Role of leptin

A

Released from adipocytes to signal the brain that you are full. Senses storage of TAGs

29
Q

What hormones are similar to leptin but only act briefly

A

CCK

GLP1

30
Q

Leptin/Insulin effect on mTOR and AMPK

A

Leptin/insulin both activate mTOR

Leptin inhibits AMPK

31
Q

Ghrelin/adiponectin effect on AMPK

A

Both activate AMPK

32
Q

Orexigenic neurons disseminate hungry signals from

A

Ghrelin
Adiponectin
PYY3-36

33
Q

Anorexigenic neurons disseminate fed/full signals from

A

Leptin/insulin

34
Q

Cortisol effects on adipocytes/skeletal muscle/liver

A

Adipocytes- Release FA
Skeletal muscle- Protein degradation, export AAs
Liver- increased pyruvate carboxylase and gluconeogenesis action

Biochemistry (20 decks)

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