Lecture 21: Gluconeogenesis

Question 1

Whole body needs how much glucose daily

Answer 1

160g

Question 2

Brain needs how much glucose daily

Answer 2

120g

Question 3

Glucose present in body fluids

Answer 3

20g

Question 4

Glucose readily available from glycogen

Answer 4

190g

Question 5

Gluconeogenesis occurs where

Answer 5

Liver and kidney

Question 6

Major precursors of gluconeogenesis pathway are

Answer 6

Lactate, amino acids and glycerol

Question 7

Pyruvate is first converted to what by what enzyme

Answer 7

Converted to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase

Question 8

OAA is brought from mitochondria to cytoplasm by what

Answer 8

Malate shuttle

Question 9

What breaks F16BP into F6P

Answer 9

Fructose 1,6-biphosphatase

Question 10

What converts G6P to glucose

Answer 10

Glucose 6 phosphatase

Question 11

Glucose 6 phosphatase enzyme located where

Answer 11

Lumen of the ER

Question 12

T1, T2, T3 transporter functions

Answer 12

T1- Transport G6P into ER
T2- Transport Phosphate back to cytosol
T3- Transport Glucose back to cytosol

Question 13

Inhibitors/activators of Fructose 1,6- biphosphatase

Answer 13

Activators- Citrate

Inhibitors- AMP, F-2,6BP

Question 14

PEP carboxylase inhibitors

Answer 14

ADP

Question 15

Pyruvate carboxylase inhibitors/activator

Answer 15

Activator- Acetyl CoA

Inhibitor- ADP

Question 16

Energy used by Gluconeogenesis

Answer 16

2 GTP, 4 ATP = 6 ATP equivalents

Question 17

Fructose 2,6- biphosphate stimulates what enzyme and inhibits what other enzyme

Answer 17

Stimulates phosphofructokinase and inhibits fructose 1,6- biphosphatase

Question 18

Glucagon stimulates what cycle

Answer 18

Gluconeogenesis and inhibits glycolysis

Question 19

Insuline stimulates what cycle

Answer 19

Glycolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis

Question 20

The cori cycle

Answer 20

Lactate can be converted back to pyruvate in the liver, pyruvate can then enter gluconeogenic pathway and regenerate glucose