Lecture 32: Amino Acid Metabolism II Flashcards
3 intermediate molecules from Glycolysis used to synthesize amino acids
3-PG
PEP
Pyruvate
Intermediate molecules from TCA cycle used to synthesize amino acids
a-ketoglutarate
Oxaloacetate
Intermediate molecules from pentose phosphate pathway used to synthesize amino acids
Ribose-5-phosphate
Erythrose-4-phosphate
Non essential amino acids include
Cysteine C Alanine A Asparagine N Aspartic acid D Tyrosine Y Proline P Glutamic acid E Glycine G Serine S Glutamine Q
Essential amino acids include
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine (Arginine) (Methionine)
Oxaloacetate gives rise to ____, which gives rise to what other AAs
Aspartate
- Asparagine
- Methionine
- Threonine
- Lysine
Threonine gives rise to
Isoleucine
PEP + Erythrose 4-phosphate give rise to
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Phenylalanine gives rise to
Tyrosine
Pyruvate gives rise to
Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Ribose-5-phosphate gives rise to
Histidine
a-ketoglutarate gives rise to ___, which gives rise to
Glutamate
- Glutamine
- Proline
- Arginine
3-PG gives rise to ___, which gives rise to
Serine
- Cysteine
- Glycine
_____ Donates an NH3 to ______ to form Asparagine
Glutamine donates NH3 to Aspartate
Aspartate can be used to synthesize Asparagine, lysine, threonine or methionine. Which AA is formed in the normal pathway without tight regulation
Asparagine is normally formed
Other organisms can modify aspartate to form lysine, methionine and threonine, and it is tightly regulated by feedback inhibition
Synthetases vs synthases and ATP
Synthetases use ATP, synthases do not
Glutamine is formed in cells as a way to transfer ___ to the liver
NH4+ ammonia
Which amino acid pathways use transamination reactions, what are the enzymes, and what do the enzymes depend on
Pyruvate–> Alanine by SGPT
OAA–> Aspartate by SGOT
a-Ketoglutarate–> Glutamate by Glutamate dehydrogenase
-All these enzymes are dependent on pyridoxal phosphate
Adenylylation and glutamine synthetase
Adenylylation (addition of an AMP ribonucleotide) inactivates glutamine synthetase
Regulation of glutamine synthetase with PII
- Glutamine maintains PII in its inhibitory form, so it can adenylylate glutamine synthetase to inactivate it.
- a-ketoglutarate and ATP maintain PII in its activating form, so it can deadenylate and activate glutamine synthetase
Glutamate fates–
After a couple reductions and a cyclization, ____ is formed.
After one reduction and a transamination, ____ is formed. This molecule is actually _____ minus urea
Proline
Ornithine, which is arginine minus urea
Tyrosine is a catabolic intermediate of
Phenylalanine
Aromatic amino acids are derived from intermediates originating in what pathway
Pentose phosphate pathway
What is the intermediate made from PEP and Erythrose 4-phosphate before being converted to Tryptophan, Phenylalanine or tyrosine
Chorismate
