Lecture 31: Amino Acid Catabolism

Question 1

What are the two primary structures that degrade proteins in cells

Answer 1

Proteasome

Lysosome

Question 2

Identity of the amino acid at what terminal determines the rate of ubiquination

Answer 2

N-terminal amino acid identity

Question 3

Proteasome is what type of enzyme

Answer 3

ATPase

Question 4

What is the coenzyme used during deamination

Answer 4

Pyridoxal phosphate

Question 5

What two enzymes are used in deamination of most amino acids

Answer 5

Aminotransferase

Glutamate dehydrogenase

Question 6

Which two amino acids are deaminated by only one enzyme (direct deamination), and what is its name

Answer 6

Serine, Threonine

Dehydratase

Question 7

Serine is deaminated to form what

Answer 7

Pyruvate

Question 8

What does Aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) do

Answer 8

Catalyzes interconversion of Aspartate and Oxaloacetate

Question 9

What does Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) do

Answer 9

Catalyzes interconversion of Alanine and Pyruvate

Question 10

What amino acid is commonly used in deamination

Answer 10

Glutamate

Question 11

What is a common toxic byproduct of amino acid deamination/catabolism

Answer 11

Ammonia

Question 12

Where does the urea cycle take place

Answer 12

In the liver

Question 13

What is the committed step in the urea cycle and what enzyme catalyzes it

Answer 13

Creation of carbamoyl phosphate by combining CO2 and NH3

-Catalyzed by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

Question 14

What is an allosteric activator of CPSI (Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I)

Answer 14

NAG

Question 15

What is ornithines significance in the urea cycle

Answer 15

It is created with Urea is removed from Arginine.
It moves into the mitochondria and combines with Carbamoyl phosphate to form citrulline, which is then exported from the mitochondria

Question 16

After aspartate donates an NH3, what does it become

Answer 16

Fumarate

Question 17

What cycle is used to convert fumarate to oxaloacetate

Answer 17

Citric acid cycle

Question 18

Which amino acids can be converted to pyruvate

Answer 18

Serine
Threonine
Glycine
Alanine
Cysteine

Question 19

Which amino acids can be converted to Oxaloacetate

Answer 19

Asparagine

Aspartate

Question 20

Which amino acids are converted to a-ketoglutarate

Answer 20

Glutamine
Glutamate
Proline
Arginine
Histidine

Question 21

Which amino acids are converted to Succinyl CoA

Answer 21

Methionine
Valine
Isoleucine

Question 22

Which amino acids are ketogenic only

Answer 22

Leucine

Lysine

Question 23

Where is carbamoyl phosphate produced in urea cycle

Answer 23

Mitochondria

Question 24

Where is ornithine produced in urea cycle

Answer 24

Cytosol