Lecture 32 - not finished Flashcards
what happens to intensity thresholds with aerobic conditioning
they move higher, you can train higher or move faster at any given intensity
what happens to lactate threshold due to aerobic training (and what is this also the same for)
increases
- ventilatory threshold
thresholds such as lactate and ventilatory are the closest predictor of performance in events lasting what time
~10 minutes - 60 minutes
lactate is a marker of what
marker of rate of anaerobic glycolysis relative to oxidative metabolism and of the ability to clear lactate from the blood
when testing blood lactate why do you have to consider the mode of exercise
arm exercises may increase lactate more than legs as they have less muscle mass so you have to use more of your total available muscle (running glycolysis and producing more lactate)
when testing blood lactate why do you have to consider the exercise intensity
higher intensities will increase blood lactate more
when testing blood lactate why do you have to consider the time at intensity
more lactate will be produced when spending a longer time at intensity
when testing blood lactate why do you have to consider prior activity
if you have done activity recently you may have existing higher levels of lactate
when testing blood lactate why do you have to consider the temperature
a hotter temperature could lead to increased glycolysis and therefore lactate being produced
what are the effects of endurance training that causes lactate production to decrease
- increased oxygen supply
- increased oxygen utilisation
- change in fibre recruitment type
- decrease in catecholamines
- increase in fat useage
what are the effects of endurance training that causes lactate clearance to increase
- increase oxygen supply
- increased capillarisation
- increased mitochondrial density
- increased lactate shuttle
- increased gluconeogenesis
what are 4 factors that help improve endurance with training
- increased fuel availability
- decreased accumulation of lactate and H+
- increased thermoregulation
- more favourable body composition
how is fuel availability increased to help improve endurance with training
- increased storage
- increased uptake and synthesis
- decreased reliance of blood glucose and muscle glycogen
how is accumulation of H+ and lactate decreased with endurance training
- change in LDH shape
- increased NADH shuttles into mitochondria
- increased ATP (so less ADP; therefore decreased PFK activation)
how is thermoregulation increased due to endurance training
- increased sweat rate power and capacity (more water in your body so can sustain sweating for longer
- increased skin blood flow at given absolute or relative intensity
how does more favourable body composition help improve endurance with training
decreased adipose tissue
how does increased structural adaptations help improve endurance with training
- bone density (in loaded bones and limbs)
- cartilage, tendon and ligaments
what are 4 other factors that help improve endurance with training
- gut microbiota
- immune function
- brain energetics
- sodium balance
what adaptations of exercise take months - years to get measurable extent of adaptations
- left ventricle mass
- economy
- bone density
what adaptations due to exercise have a very large extent of change (%)
antioxidant capacity
mitochondrial volume
aerobic enzymes
what adaptations due to exercise have a small extent of change (%)
- left ventricle mass and dimensions
- HRmax
- myoglobin
- bone density
when testing blood lactate why do you have to consider hydration and nutrition
if you are tending to use more carbohydrates it could lead you to produce more lactate
