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SPEX203 > Lecture 21 and 22 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 and 22 Flashcards

Hormones

1
Q

many hormones impact multiple tissue types and ….

A

have diverse effects

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2
Q

some hormones are both …. and ….

A

both catabolic and anabolic

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3
Q

what type of hormones tend to act faster

A

peptide and amine hormones

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4
Q

what type of hormones tend to act slower

A

steroid

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5
Q

in the big picture, prolonged or sustained competitive exercise will have what impact hormones

A

increase several catabolic hormones and suppress insulin

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6
Q

in the big picture, activating many motor units tends to cause what for hormones

A

cause more anabolic hormone profile, in exercise and recovery

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7
Q

are steroid hormones water soluble or insoluble

A

water insoluble

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8
Q

are peptide and amine hormones water soluble or insoluble

A

water soluble

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9
Q

when are peptide and amine hormones made

A

made in advance

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10
Q

how do steroid hormones work

A

steroid hormones enter cells and bind at the nucleus

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11
Q

how do peptide hormones work

A

attach at the cell surface

use second messengers

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12
Q

what are second messengers

A

intracellular compound that increases in concentration with binding of a hormone to its receptor and smplifies the cellular response

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13
Q

hormones change the rates of specific reactions in target cells by changing the rates of :

A
  • transport across membrane e.g insulin
  • secretory activity e.g GHRH
  • enzyme activity e.g HSL
  • protein synthesis e.g testosterone
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14
Q

how does hormone concentration in blood affect the rate of secretion

A

if there is more in the circulation, this will remove the stimulus to secrete it

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15
Q

hormone concentration in the blood can affect the rate of inactivation or

A

excretion

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16
Q

hormone concentration in the blood can effect the quantity of what

A

quantity of transport protein (for steroids)

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17
Q

what affects hormone receptor interactions

A
  • blood hormone levels
  • number of target cell receptors
  • affinity of binding
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18
Q

at rest you have a larger …. volume and you are secreting more what into the circulation

A

at rest you have a larger plasma volume and are secreting more insulin into the circulation

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19
Q

in exercise there is a change in what factors that can change the cells sensitivity to hormone

A
  • change in secretion
  • change in plasma volume
  • change metabolism / clearance
  • change in receptor sensitivity
  • change in receptor density
20
Q

during rest how is the release of insulin controlled and why is this changed during exercise

A

by negative feedback, changed in exercise as exercise is a stressor

21
Q

during exercise there is greater activation of what nervous systems

A

CNS and PNS

22
Q

during exercise what nervous stimulation is increased on the medulla

A

SNS stimulation

23
Q

what glands are associated with catabolic or stress situations (exercsise)

A

adrenal glands = stress hormones

24
Q

what glands are associated with anabolic states (recovery)

A

gonads = sex hormones

25
Q

what is the speed of the catecholamine response to exercise

A

vital , FAST response

26
Q

what are the effects of the catecholamine response to exercise

A
  • CV pressor responses
  • increased substrate mobilsation
  • facilitates other catabolic hormones
  • immune mobilisation
27
Q

which catecholamine increases the most during the progression towards VO2 max

A

noradrenaline, also small increase in adrenaline

28
Q

what is the cardiovascular effect of catecholamines

A

increased blood pressure and redistribution

29
Q

what happens to the catecholamine response at a given absolute intensity after training for awhile

A

decreased catecholamine response at given absolute intensity

30
Q

what happens to the catecholamine response at a given relative intensity after training for awhile

A

same response

31
Q

after training for awhile what will happen to the amount of growth hormone released and why

A

you have an adaptation to exercise, better cardiovascular capacity, less stress and can access fuels easier

so growth hormone isn’t released as much after training

32
Q

in what way does adrenaline increase with exercise intensity

A

increases disproportionally with exercise intensity

33
Q

adrenaline and free calcium will increase what in the muscle

A

increase glycogenolysis in muscle

34
Q

what has a massive effect on glycogen depletion

A

exercise intensity

35
Q

mobilisation of free fatty acids spares what at moderate exercise intensities

A

spares glycogen

36
Q

mobilisation of free fatty acids is strong in what exercise

A

moderate or prolonged

37
Q

when is there less free fatty acid mobilisation during exercise

A

with increased CHO feeding

38
Q

why is there a decrease in fatty acid mobilisation in heavy exercise despite strong hormonal drive for free fatty acid mobilisation

A
  • decreased blood flow to adipose tissue
  • increased acidity (promotes resynthesis of triglycerides, and inhibits HSL)
39
Q

during heavy or prolonged exercise where energy is decreased what effect will cortisol released from the adrenal cortex have

A
  • increased free fatty acids (lipolysis)
  • increased amino acids (used for gluconeogenesis)
  • decreased glucose uptake
40
Q

two ways that cortisol is controlled during exercise

A

negative feedback control

feedforward control

41
Q

insulin is anabolic and suppressed by what

A

suppressed by catecholamines

42
Q

glucose uptake by muscle is what times faster in exercise

A

7-20x faster

43
Q

insulin decreases during exercise, but why is glucose uptake increased during exercise

A

increased GLUT4 activity and increased insulin sensitivity

44
Q

higher intensity exercise has more powerful effects on hormones but what is this response blunted by

A

aerobic fitness (relative intensity of exercise)

CHO availability ( before and during exercise)

45
Q

fitness allows for much reduced hormone responses to what

A

to same absolute exercise intensity

SPEX203 (33 decks)

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