Lecture 32 Flashcards
mutation
permanent change in nucleotide sequence of DNA
mendel
change in genotype can lead to change in phenotype
genotype
total set of alleles for and organism; sequence of nucleotides coding for specific amino acids
phenotype
physical appearance based on allele expression
point mutations
alters a single nucleotide
base substitution
substitute 1 base pair for another
silent
if amino acid stays same, even though DNA sequence is different
missense
if amino acid does change as a result of mutation
nonsense
base change converts codon to stop codon
frameshift mutation
adds or deletes a base from DNA
truncated protein
shortened protein due to base change where a codon is converted to a stop codon
chromosomal mutations
changes the structure of a chromosome
deletions
a portion of the chromosome is lost
duplications
a region of the chromosome is duplicated or repeated
inversions
segment of the chromosome breaks in 2 places, reverses, and is put back together
