lecture 32

Question 1

developmental process of respiration

Answer 1

• alveoli will increase from about 25 million at birth to more than 300 million. by 8 years of age
• conducting airways will grow steadily in diameter and length

Question 2

adults breathe

Answer 2

12-18 cycles per minute

Question 3

newborns

Answer 3

average 40-70 cycles per minute

Question 4

5 year old

Answer 4

25 cycles per minute

Question 5

respiratory flow

Answer 5

rate of flow of air in / out

Question 6

volume

Answer 6

measured in liters, milileters, cubic cm

Question 7

measuring respiration

Answer 7

respiratory flow, volume, capacity

Question 8

quiet respiration

Answer 8

• 12-18 cycles of respiration per minute
• one cycle is 1/2 liter of air
• we process approximately 6-8 liters of air every minute

Question 9

types of volume

Answer 9

• tidal volume
• inspiratory reserve volume
• expiratory reserve volume
• residual volume
• dead air

Question 10

capacities

Answer 10

combination of volumes that express a physiological limit

Question 11

types of capacities

Answer 11

vital capacity
functional residual capacity
inspiratory capacity
total lung capacity

Question 12

what is tidal volume

Answer 12

volume of air we breathe in during a respiratory cycle

Question 13

tidal volume varies as what

Answer 13

as a function of physical exertion, body size, and age

Question 14

quiet tidal volume has an average for

Answer 14

adult males 600 cc
adult females 450 cc
fill up three 2 liter bottles in one minute

Question 15

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 15

• volume that can be inhaled after a tidal inspiration
• when breathing in and out, stop breathing at end of one of inspirations and instead of exhaling, breathe in as deeply as you can
• amount you inspired after you stopped is IRV - average is 2.475 liters

Question 16

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 16

• amount of air that can be expired following passive, tidal expiration
• stop breathing right after you exhale, then expire as completely as you can
• ERV - average is 1 liter
• also referred to as resting lung volume - volume present in resting lungs after a passive exhalation

Question 17

residual volume

Answer 17

• volume remaining in lungs after a maximum exhalation
• no matter how much you exhale, there ois a volume of air that cannot be eliminated - approx 1.1 liters
• does not exist in newborn

Question 18

dead space air

Answer 18

• air in conducting passageways
• air that cannot undergo gas exchange
• adult has approx 1/10 of a liter
• associated w residual volume because it is air that cannot be expelled

Question 19

vital capacity

Answer 19

• capacity available for speech
• combo of IRV, ERV. and TV
• represents total volume of air that can be inspired after a maximal expiration
• approx 4 liters in average adult

Question 20

functional residual capacity

Answer 20

• volume of air remaining in body after passive exhalation
• ERV + RV
• approx 2.1 liter

Question 21

total lung capacity

Answer 21

• sum of all of volumes
• approx 5.1 liters
• different from vital capacity because it includes RV which serves as a buffer in respiration in providing constant oxygenation when needed

Question 22

inspiratory capacity

Answer 22

• maximum inspiratory volume possible after tidal expiration
• capacity of lungs for inspiration (TV + IRV)
• approx 3 liters for adults

Question 23

what happens to vital capacity w age

Answer 23

as age increases, vital capacity decreases by about 0.1 liter per year in adulthood

Question 24

vital capacity steadily increases w what

Answer 24

w body growth up to about age 20, stays stagnant through about 25 and then begins steady decline

Question 25

males or females have smaller vital capacity

Answer 25

females

Question 26

why does residual capacity increase w age

Answer 26

individuals retain their functional total lung capacity but they have a reduction in function.
as we age, compliance of the lungs decrease which results in reduced ability to inflate the lungs
lung volume is constant but tehre is growth in the volume that is unavailable for direct gas exchange - residual volume - dead space air