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a&p unit 5 > lecture 31 > Flashcards

lecture 31 Flashcards

1
Q

movement of air

A
  • lungs expand as a result of the enlargement of the structure surrounding them
  • contract the diaphragm-enlarges the vertical dimension
  • elevate the rib cage to enlarge the transverse dimension
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2
Q

lungs expand as result of

A

enlargement of structure surrounding them

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3
Q

what enlarges the vertical dimension

A

contract the diaphragm

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4
Q

what enlarges the transverse dimension

A

elevate the rib cage

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5
Q

lungs and inner thoracic wall are covered with

A

a pleural lining

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6
Q

types of pleura

A

visceral pleura, parietal pleura, mediastinal pleura, diaphragmatic pleura, costal pleura

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7
Q

pleural membranes composed of what

A

elastic and fibrous tissue

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8
Q

what is pleural membrane

A

saran wrap encasing the lungs, airtight seal

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9
Q

what produces mucous solution

A

cuboidal cells within the lining

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10
Q

what does pleural membrane create

A

an easy, low friction gliding of the lungs within the thorax

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11
Q

negative pressure is maintained within thorax because why

A

there is no contact with outside atmosphere

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12
Q

due to movement of pleural lining

A

lungs are able to follow the action of the muscles wo actually being attached to them

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13
Q

because the surfaces of the two linings are infused with serous secretion

A

there is low friction making respiration more efficient

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14
Q

diaphragm contracts

A

air flows in, increased volume, negative pressure

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15
Q

diaphragm stops contracting

A

air flows out of lungs, decreased volume, positive pressure

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16
Q

pressures of respiratory system

A

alveolar pressure, intrapleural pressure, subglottal pressure, intraoral pressure, atmospheric pressure

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17
Q

all pressures are measured relative to what

A

atmospheric pressure treated as a constant 0 against which to compare respiratory pressure

18
Q

alveolar pressure

A

pressure that is present within the individual alveolus

19
Q

inhalation

A

air flows into the alveoli and the volume increases, when volume increases, pressure decreases - negative alveolar pressure

20
Q

exhalation

A

air flows out of the alveoli and volume decreases, when volume decreases, pressure increases - positive alveolar pressure

21
Q

intrapleural pressure is always

A

negative throughout respiration

22
Q

what is wrapped in this continual sheet of pleural lining

A

lungs, inner thorax, and diaphragm

23
Q

intrapleural lining does what

A

keeps the lungs from collapsing

24
Q

why does intrapleural pressure remain negative

A
  • lungs are in a state of continual expansion because the thorax is larger than the lungs
  • lungs are never completely deflated because of the residual volume
25
Q

alveolar and intrapleural pressure

A

diaphragm contracts - air flows in, alveolar pressure drops, intrapleural pressure becomes more negative as the diaphragm pulls the diaphragmatic pleura
diaphragm relaxes - air flows out, alveolar pressure increases, intrapleural pressure becomes less negative

26
Q

subglottal pressure

A

pressure measured beneath the level of the vocal folds

27
Q

subglottal pressure related to what

A

directly related to what is happening in the lungs as long as the vocal folds are open

28
Q

air flows into lungs

A

negative subglottal pressure

29
Q

air flows out of lungs

A

positive subglottal pressure

30
Q

what happens when vocal folds are closed

A

blocks air flow, immediate increase in subglottal air pressure, when pressure exceeds 3-5 cm H2O, the vocal folds will be blown open and voicing will begin

31
Q

intraoral pressure

A

respiratory pressure measured above the vocal folds within the oral cavity

32
Q

when vocal folds are open

A

intraoral, subglottal and alveolar pressure are the same

33
Q

closing the vocal folds causes

A

intraoral pressure to drop as the subglottal pressure increases

34
Q

four stages for gas exchange

A
  • ventilation
  • distribution
  • perfusion
  • diffusion
35
Q

ventilation

A

air comes into respiratory pathway

36
Q

distribution

A

air is distributed to 300 million alveoli

37
Q

perfusion

A

oxygen poor blood migrates through to the 6 billion capillaries

38
Q

diffusion

A

actual gas exchange across the alveolar capillary membrane

39
Q

turbulence

A
  • lungs expand, air courses through the bronchi
  • some slight turbulence at the bifurcation of the bronchi but the air generally flows unimpeded
  • a small irregularity such as mucus or muscle spasm can greatly increase resistance to airflow
40
Q

bronchitis

A

turbulence causes inefficiency in air flow which causes inefficiency in breathing

a&p unit 5 (4 decks)

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