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COB Embryology > Lecture 30: Neural Crest > Flashcards

Lecture 30: Neural Crest Flashcards

1
Q

What signaling molecules are involved in induction of neural crest tissue from non-neural ectoderm?

A

BMPs, Wnts

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2
Q

What signaling molecule is involved in induction of neural crest tissue from mesoderm?

A

FGF-8

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3
Q

What substrate is preferable for migration of neural crest cells?

A

Basal lamina

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4
Q

List early, later, and late migratory neural crest cells in order from most to least potential for differentiation

A

Early, later, late

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5
Q

What was the result of an experiment in which thoracic neural crest cells were transplanted to head region and vice versa?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic character of neurons were reversed

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6
Q

What was the result of an experiment in which dye-injected neural crest cells were grown in vivo?

A

More thatn 50% of the progeny gave rise to 2-4 phenotypes

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7
Q

What was the result of an experiment in which rat neural crest cells in vitro were exposed to glial growth factor?

A

Cells developed into Schwann cells; glial growth factor suppressed neuronal differentiation

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8
Q

Name the 5 neural crest cell divisions

A

Trunk, Cranial, Circumpharyngeal, Cardiac, Vagal

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9
Q

Name the 3 migration pathways of trunk neural crest

A

Sympathoadrenal, ventrolateral, dorsolateral

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10
Q

Name the cells that originate from the sympathoadrenal path

A

Adrenal chromaffin cells, adrenergic sympathetic neurons, cholinergic sympathetic neurons

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11
Q

Name the cells that originate from the ventrolateral path

A

Dorsal root ganglia (sensory), Schwann cells

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12
Q

Name the cells that originate from the dorsolateral path

A

Melanocytes

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13
Q

What is the role of Dickopf-1 regarding cranial neural crest?

A

Inhibits neural crest cells from arising anterior to diencephalon

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14
Q

Which neural crest cells express Hox genes?

A

Cells from R4 and posteriorly

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15
Q

What would be the result of Hox gene expression in pharyngeal arch 1?

A

A jaw would fail to develop

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16
Q

What is the fate of neural crest cells from somites 1-3?

A

Pass into pharyngeal archest 4-6 or form cardiac crest

17
Q

What is the fate of neural crest cells from somites 1-7?

A

Form vagal crest, parasympathetic innervation for digestive tract

18
Q

What is the role of Slit-2/Robo in neural crest?

A

Expression of Slit-2 allows neural crest to enter gut wall; Robo expression avoids gut wall

19
Q

Waardenburg’s syndrome

A

Pax3 mutation leading to pigmentation defects (such as white forelocks of hair)

20
Q

CHARGE

A

Coloboma, Heart disease, Atresia of nose, Retardation, Genital hypoplasia (males), anomalies of Ear

21
Q

DiGeorge syndrome

A

Deletion of chromosome 22; hypoplasia of thymus, parathyroid, thyroid

22
Q

Neurofibromas

A

Tumors of neural crest region

23
Q

Which of these cell and tissue types arises from cranial, but not trunk, neural crest cells?

A. Sensory ganglia
B. Adrenal medulla
C. Melanocytes
D. Schwann cells
E. None of the above
A

E. None of the above

24
Q

Which molecule is a poor substrate for migrating neural crest cells?

A. Laminin
B. Chondroitin sulfate
C. Fibronectin
D. Type IV collagen
E. Hyaluronic acid
A

B. Chondroitin sulfate

25
Q

Neural crest cells arise from the:

A. Somite
B. Dorsal non-neural ectoderm
C. Neural tube
D. Splanchnic mesoderm
E. Yolk sac
A

C. Neural tube

26
Q

A 6-month-old infant exhibits multiple congenital defects, including a cleft palate, deafness, ocular hypertelorism, and a white forelock but otherwise dark hair on his head. The probable diagnosis is:

A. CHARGE association
B. von Recklinghausen's disease
C. Hirschprung's disease
D. Waardenburg's syndrome
E. None of the above
A

D. Waardenburg’s syndrome

27
Q

What molecule is involved in the migration of neural crest cells from the neural tube?

A. Snail
B. BMP-2
C. Mash-1
D. Norepinephrine
E. Glial growth factor
A

A. Snail

28
Q

Which is not a derivative of the neural crest?

A. Sensory neurons
B. Motor neurons
C. Schwann cells
D. Adrenal medulla
E. Dental papilla
A

B. Motor neurons

29
Q

What maintains the competence of neural crest cells to differentiate into autonomic neurons?

A. Shh
B. Ach
C. Mash-1
D. Glial growth factor
E. TGF-B
A

C. Mash-1

30
Q

If trunk neural crest cells are transplanted into the cranial region, they can form all of the following types of cells except:

A. Pigment cells
B. Schwann cells
C. Sensory neurons
D. Cartilage
E. Autonomic neurons
A

D. Cartilage

COB Embryology (24 decks)

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