Lecture 3: Suspensions Flashcards
Primary literature in CNSP
Clinical studies and reports
original research in scientific reviewed journal articles
Secondary literature
summarizes and synthesizes primary literature
books, review articles (summary)
Tertiary literature
summarizes and condenses info from primary and secondary sources
textbooks, databases
Tertiary literature
summarizes and condenses info from primary and secondary sources
textbooks, databases
What are we looking for in literature?
Compounding formulas
solubility, compatability, and BUD info
Process guidelines, regualtions, laws
Advantages of oral liquid forms
accomodates precise, non-standard dosing
easy to give
Disadvantages of oral liquid forms
Often less stable - shorter BUD
difficult to mask bad taste/smell
specific storage conditions (keep refrigerated)
Safety of dosing: measure devices/ability, variation in standard concentrations
Types of oral liquid dosage forms
- solutions
- suspensions
- emulsions
Oral solution examples
syrups, tinctures, elixirs, spirits
ASHP standarize 4 safety
Standardization to reduce error
1. use commercial product first, limit once concentration
2. must have primary lit support w/ stability studies
3. consider taste/palatability
4. reimbursement
Properties of suspensions
- fine, uniform particles
- dispersion of particles in liquid vehicle
- slow settling of particles
- ease of dispesion when shaken
Factors of a good suspension (4)
- small particle size/diameter
- similar density of liquid and solid
- increase viscosity of suspending liquid
- easy redispersion
Ways to decrease suspension particle size
Trituration
Ways to decrease difference in density between solid and liquid
use sucrose, glycerin, or sorbitol
How to increase viscosity of suspending liquid
Acacia, methylcellulose
Ways to improve redispersion of suspensions
- electrolytes (weak bonds, break apart easily when shaken)
- suspending vehicles (ora-plus)
Counseling pearls for suspension
Storage: fridge if needed
Shake well (suspensions/emulsions)
Suspension compounding techniques
Wetting: when liquid displaces the air at the surface of the solid so that liquid spontaneously spreads over the surface of the solid
Wetting agents: surfactants (dispalces air, allows mixing)
different considerations for hydrophilic vs hydrophobic powders
Suspension compounding techniques
- Wetting: when liquid displaces the air at the surface of the solid so that liquid spontaneously spreads over the surface of the solid
Wetting agents: surfactants (dispalces air, allows mixing)
Ex: alcohol, glycerin, propylene glycol - bottle calibration
different considerations for hydrophilic vs hydrophobic powders
suspension compounding procedure
- put active drug in mortar
- add small amounts of wetting vehicle and mix to form uniform paste
- adding simple syrum geometrically, mix well after each addition
- transfer to calibrated bottle, rinse mortal with vehicle, add quantity of vehicle sufficent to make ___ml
- add rx label and aux stickers “shake well, refrigerate” and dispense
