Lecture 3: Sites and Extent of Fractures

Question 1

Does cancellous (spongy bone) withstand compression or tensile forces better?

Answer 1

resist tension better

Question 2

A compression fracture aka ? is a fracture of cancellous bone or cortical bone?

Answer 2

wedge shaped fracture

cancellous bone

Question 3

A bending force fractures which type of bone cancellous or cortical?

Answer 3

cortical

Question 4

A bending force applied to cortical bone will cause a fracture on which side of the bend, convex or concave ?

Answer 4

convex

Question 5

A bending force that causes a break will lead either to a ___ or ____ fx

Answer 5

transverse or oblique fracture

Question 6

How does a cortical bone fx in children? and this is called?

Answer 6

Convex side will still fracture, however not the concave side

called a Greenstick fracture

Question 7

What are 3 causes of fractures

Answer 7

Pathologic
Trauma
Stress or fatigue fx

Question 8

Give 2 examples of pathologic fxs

Answer 8

Paget disease

Osteoporosis

Question 9

What causes stress fractures

Answer 9

result of repetitive loading.

Question 10

Where are stress fx most common?

Answer 10

lower body
Tibia - 49%
Tarsals 25%
Metatarsals - 9%
Femur - 7%

Question 11

5 sites of fracture

Answer 11

Epiphyseal 
Diaphyseal 
Metaphyseal 
Intra-articular 
Fracture-disclocation

Question 12

Percentage of fractures in children that involve the epiphyseal plate

Answer 12

30%

Question 13

Name of the classification system used for epiphyseal fractures in children and how many grades make up this system

Answer 13

Salter-Harris Classification

5

Question 14

Which grade fracture in children stunts growth

Answer 14

grade 5

Question 15

The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 1 consists of

Answer 15

epiphyseal slip only

Question 16

The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 2 consists of

Answer 16

a fracture through epiphyseal plate with a triangle of shaft attached

Question 17

The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 3 consists of

Answer 17

a fracture through the epiphysis extending into the epiphyseal plate

Question 18

The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 4 consists of

Answer 18

a fracture of epiphysis and shaft crossing the epiphyseal plate

Question 19

The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 5 consists of

Answer 19

damage to the epiphyseal plate also known as a crush injury

Question 20

Transverse fractures of the growth plate are graded as

Answer 20

grade 1

Question 21

Transverse Rarely fractures of growth plate which split obliquely into the metaphysis is graded as

Answer 21

type 2

Question 22

Which grade is the most common type of fracture in children

Answer 22

grade 2

Question 23

Transverse Most common fractures of growth plate which split obliquely into the epiphysis are what graded as

Answer 23

grade 3

Question 24

Extend through bony epiphysis across the growth plate and into the metaphysis. Are graded as

Answer 24

Grade 4

Question 25

A crushed growth plate. May accompany crush fractures of the epiphysis, though not always are graded as

Answer 25

grade 5

Question 26

Name the 4 types of diaphysis fractures/bone abnormalities

Answer 26

-Plastic deformity
-Greenstick fracture
-Displaced fracture
comminuted
-Fracture/complex

Question 27

Do bones scar?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

What heals better, bone or cartilage

Answer 28

Bone fractures heal nicely but cartilage does not

Question 29

What happens when articular cartilage gets injured

Answer 29

In contrast to bone, hyaline cartilage of joint surfaces is extremely limited in its ability to either heal or regenerate.

Fibrous scar if it heals at all

Question 30

The extent of a fracture is described as either

Answer 30

incomplete or complete

Question 31

what is an incomplete fracture and give an example

Answer 31

crack

like a stress fracture

Question 32

what is a complete fracture

Answer 32

2 or more parts visible