Lecture 3: Sites and Extent of Fractures Flashcards
Does cancellous (spongy bone) withstand compression or tensile forces better?
resist tension better
A compression fracture aka ? is a fracture of cancellous bone or cortical bone?
wedge shaped fracture
cancellous bone
A bending force fractures which type of bone cancellous or cortical?
cortical
A bending force applied to cortical bone will cause a fracture on which side of the bend, convex or concave ?
convex
A bending force that causes a break will lead either to a ___ or ____ fx
transverse or oblique fracture
How does a cortical bone fx in children? and this is called?
Convex side will still fracture, however not the concave side
called a Greenstick fracture
What are 3 causes of fractures
Pathologic
Trauma
Stress or fatigue fx
Give 2 examples of pathologic fxs
Paget disease
Osteoporosis
What causes stress fractures
result of repetitive loading.
Where are stress fx most common?
lower body Tibia - 49% Tarsals 25% Metatarsals - 9% Femur - 7%
5 sites of fracture
Epiphyseal Diaphyseal Metaphyseal Intra-articular Fracture-disclocation
Percentage of fractures in children that involve the epiphyseal plate
30%
Name of the classification system used for epiphyseal fractures in children and how many grades make up this system
Salter-Harris Classification
5
Which grade fracture in children stunts growth
grade 5
The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 1 consists of
epiphyseal slip only
The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 2 consists of
a fracture through epiphyseal plate with a triangle of shaft attached
The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 3 consists of
a fracture through the epiphysis extending into the epiphyseal plate
The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 4 consists of
a fracture of epiphysis and shaft crossing the epiphyseal plate
The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 5 consists of
damage to the epiphyseal plate also known as a crush injury
Transverse fractures of the growth plate are graded as
grade 1
Transverse Rarely fractures of growth plate which split obliquely into the metaphysis is graded as
type 2
Which grade is the most common type of fracture in children
grade 2
Transverse Most common fractures of growth plate which split obliquely into the epiphysis are what graded as
grade 3
Extend through bony epiphysis across the growth plate and into the metaphysis. Are graded as
Grade 4
A crushed growth plate. May accompany crush fractures of the epiphysis, though not always are graded as
grade 5
Name the 4 types of diaphysis fractures/bone abnormalities
-Plastic deformity
-Greenstick fracture
-Displaced fracture
comminuted
-Fracture/complex
Do bones scar?
no
What heals better, bone or cartilage
Bone fractures heal nicely but cartilage does not
What happens when articular cartilage gets injured
In contrast to bone, hyaline cartilage of joint surfaces is extremely limited in its ability to either heal or regenerate.
Fibrous scar if it heals at all
The extent of a fracture is described as either
incomplete or complete
what is an incomplete fracture and give an example
crack
like a stress fracture
what is a complete fracture
2 or more parts visible
