Lecture 3: Ligaments and Muscle Flashcards
Ligaments are
fibrous bands of dense connective tissue
Ligaments resist what type of load
ideal arrangement to resist tensile load
Ligament function
checks motion
proprioception
Grade 1 ligament sprain Definition ROM Pain on stretch Weakness
Few fibers torn, but integrity intact / stable joint
Dec
Yes
Minor
Grade 2 ligament sprain Definition ROM Pain on stretch Weakness
Half of fibers torn (partially), laxity evident
Dec
Yes
Minor to Moderate weakness
Grade 3 ligament sprain Definition ROM Pain on stretch Weakness
Complete tear
Depends on edema
No
Minor to Moderate weakness
Do ligament tears have pain with isometric contraction? if so which grade/s
No
What are the 4 phases of ligament and tendon healing
Hemorrhagic
Inflammatory
Proliferation
Remodeling/Maturation
How long does it take for some tensile strength come back to the ligament after injury
5th week
How long does it take for 50% of normal tensile strength come back to the ligament after injury
6 months
How long does it take for 80% of normal tensile strength come back to the ligament after injury
1 year
How long does it take for 100% of normal tensile strength come back to the ligament after injury
1 to 3 years
*Should you apply force to a healing ligament and why?
Forces applied to the ligament during its recovery help it to develop strength in the direction that the force is applied
3 phases of muscle injury
- Destruction phase
- repair phase
- remodeling phase
Muscle Strain grade 1
Definition
- Mild
- No gross disruption of muscle/tendon unit
- Localized swelling and tenderness
Muscle Strain grade 1 # fibers ROM Pain on stretch Weakness Pain w/ isometrics
Few Dec. Yes Minor Minor
Muscle Strain grade 2
Definition
- Moderate
- some disruption of the muscle /tendon unit
- limitation in ROM in adjacent joints
Muscle Strain grade 2 # of fibers ROM Pain on stretch Weakness Pain w/ isometrics
Half of ms fibers Dec. Yes Minor to major Mod to major
Muscle Strain grade 3
Definition
- severe
- one or more components of muscle - tendon unit are completely disrupted
- Other joint ROM severely restricted
- site of disruption is commonly visable
Muscle Strain grade 3 # of fibers ROM Pain on stretch Weakness Pain w/ isometrics
All ms fibers are torn Depends on Edema No Mod to major weakness No to minor
Muscle strain pain regarding MMT and PROM
Pain in MMT in one direction and painful PROM in opposite motion
What is the difference between tendinitis and tendinosis
Tendinitis is a tear/inflammation of the tendinous portion of the muscle
Tendinosis is more chronic. A degenerative process at the tendon bone interface. These tears can add up to an eventual complete disruption
What happens in the destruction phase of muscle injury
the muscle fibers and their connective tissue sheaths are totally disrupted
Gaps appear b/w the end of ruptured muscle fibers when muscle fibers retract
Necrosis of muscle tissue
Hematoma and edema form at the site of injury
What happens in the repair phase of muscle injury
Matrix formation- Blood
Collagen formation- production of type 1 collagen by fibroblasts
What happens in the remodeling phase of muscle injury
Regenerated muscle matures and contracts with reorganization of the scar tissue
Atrophy
