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Orthopedics > Lec 1. Intro to musculoskeletal system and bone > Flashcards

Lec 1. Intro to musculoskeletal system and bone Flashcards

1
Q

based on morphology, tissue are divided by 4 kinds

A

epithelial
nervous
connective
muscle

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2
Q

5 types of connective tissue

A 
tendon
ligament
fascia
cartilage
bone
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3
Q

What is the composition of bone (4)

A

collagen
calcium phosphate
water
amorphous proteins

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4
Q

What are the 3 parts of bone

A

Epiphysis - top part
metaphysis - where bone flares
diaphysis - shaft

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5
Q

What do osteoblasts do

A

form new bone

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6
Q

what to osteoclasts do

A

degradation of bone

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7
Q

What is compact bone

A

dense cortical bone (shell)

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8
Q

What is cancellous bone

A

trabecular bone (sponge)

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9
Q

What is periosteum

A

highly innervated outer lining

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10
Q

When a person breaks a bone what part sends the pain

A

the periosteum

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11
Q

Osteoporosis affects bone how

A

the amount of bone is decreased and the structural integrity of trabecular bone is impaired. Cortical bone becomes more porous and thinner. This makes the bone weaker and more likely to fracture.

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12
Q

Which type of bone is better at resisting compression

A

cortical bone

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13
Q

Which type of bone does not resist tension forces well

A

cortical bone

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14
Q

When a bone starts to bend which side (convex or concave) will initiate the fracture

A

Convex

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15
Q

Which type of bone does not resist compression

A

cancellous bone - think of a sponge, you can squish it but it is better at tension

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16
Q

At what week of embryonic development do limb buds appear

A

5th week

17
Q

At what week of embryonic development does endochondral ossification occur

A

7th week

18
Q

*At what week of embryonic development does the primary ossification and periosteum development happen

A

7th week

19
Q

What main thing happens at the 7th week of embryonic development

A

primary ossification and periosteum develop - first spot where cartilage becomes bone

20
Q

What happens to bone at birth

A

secondary center of ossification - cartilage is turning into bone

21
Q

What happens at the 6th week of embryonic development

A
  • Mesenchymal cells replaced by cartilage

* Cartilaginous model

22
Q

What happens at the 6th month of embryonic development

A

• Resorption of central part of long bone results in formation of a medullary cavity

23
Q

When secondary ossification is complete, there are 2 possible sites for cartilaginous growth in long bone, which are

A

Articular cartilage

epiphyseal plate

24
Q

how does bone growth occur at the epiphyseal plate cartilage?

A

balance between

  • Interstitial growth of the cartilage cells of the plate
  • Calcification, death and replacement of cartilage
25
Q

how does bone grow in width

A

two methods:
1. Width by intramembranous ossification
-Appositional (adding layers) growth via osteoblasts within periosteum (cavity gets bigger too. osteoclasts dissolve away. but at the same time osteoblast all laying down more bone on the outside)
2. Simultaneously, medullary cavity becomes larger through osteoclastic resorption of bone
(cavity gets bigger too. osteoclasts dissolve away. but at the same time osteoblast all laying down more bone on the outside)

26
Q

Bones and all connective tissue response to stress. This is what we are trying to do with therex, we are trying to give the persons connective tissue enough stress. But, what would happen if you exceed the load?

A

tissue will fail

27
Q

Wolff’s law

A

remodeling of bone in response to physical stress

bone deposited in sites subjected to stress

bone resorbed from sites where there is little stress ( if you don’t use it you lose it. )

28
Q

Concave vs convex side of bone

A

cortical bone resist compression. good for concave side of the bone. without thick cortical bone this would buckle. but cortical not good for tension. the more lateral side will have more tension. and the lateral side has thin cortical bone.

29
Q

Concave bone properties

A

Thick Cortical bone

Better Alignment of trabecular systems

30
Q

Convex bone properties

A

Thin Cortical bone

Decreased Alignment of trabecular systems

31
Q

Theory of induced electrical potentials

A

Negative electrical charge on concave side of bone
–>Compression force = deposition

Positive electrical charge on convex side of bone
–>Tension force = resoption

32
Q

What are the clinical implications for the theory of induced electrical potentials

A

Electrical stimulation of osteogenesis when there is delayed union of fracture

bone stimulator - is a device that a person will wear that will help stimulate growth

33
Q

A person with what condition would you not want to stimulate bone growth

A

myositis ossificans - you do not want to stimulate bone growth in a muscle or any type of heterotopic ossification

Orthopedics (12 decks)

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