Lecture 3- Physical Examination of the Horse Flashcards
What should be evaluated when performing PE of head
Mentation, CN, palpate lymph nodes, smell breath
What should be evaluated on the left side of horse during PE
Heart, lungs, GI, skin, lymph nodes, palpate limbs
What should be evaluated around the tail on PE
Temperature, anal tone
What should be evaluated on the right side of horse during PE
Heart, lungs, GI, skin, lymph nodes, palpate limbs
What should be tested during neurologic exam
Mentation (BAR, ear position)
Cranial nerves- feed treat (test smell, vision), look in eyes
Ambulation-gait deficits, truncal sway
What should be checked for on dermal exam
Masses, insect reactions, rubbing, ventral edema
Gray horses over 15yr are very susceptible to what
Melanoma
Where are some common sites melanomas form
Parotids, commissure of lips, perineum, tail and mane, ocular adnexa, internally
What is the normal HR
28-40
What degree AV block is routinely observed from high vagal tone and how can it be resolved
Second degree AV block ad can be resolved with exercise
What happens at S1 heart sound
Closure of AV valves, begins systole (lub)
What happens at S2 heart sound
Closure of semilunar valves, ends systole and begins diastole (dub)
What happens at S3 heart sound
Filling of ventricles
What happens at S4 sound
Contraction of atria
Between what ribs should you listen for different valve closures (point of max intensity)
Pulmonary- 3rd
Atrial- 4th
Mitral- 5th
Tricuspid 4th
What is a grade 1 heart murmur
Audible at 1 valve
What is a grade 2 heart murmur
Audible at 2 valves
What is a grade 3 heart murmur
Audible at 3 valves
What is a grade 4 heart murmur
Audible at all 4 valves
What is a grade 5 heart murmur
Precordial thrill (feel heart murmur)
What is a grade 6 heart murmur
Audible with stethoscope off chest
How to test hydration
Capillary refill time (< 2 seconds), skin tent over shoulder
What is a normal respiratory rate at rest
< 20
- in hot summers can be 40-60*
What should breath smell like
Sweat, bilaterally even
Horses and athletes hide respiratory disease so what can be done to uncover issues
Exercise, rebreathing examination
What lymph nodes are palpable
Mandibular, parotid, cervical, inguinal
What should be observed/performed in musculoskeletal examination
Watch ambulation, palpate all limbs joints, tendons, observe ROM, pain, symmetry, perform lameness if indicated
What should be performed during urogenital exam
Ensure sex, intact vs gelded
Observe normal anatomy of testicles, sheath or udder
What should be performed in GI exam
Listen for 10-60 seconds, upper and lower quadrants on left and right side, ventral midline
Sound of waves on the beach indicate what
Sand impaction
What noises should not be heard during GI exam
Pings, water dripping in cave, silence, fluid flushing
Body condition scores
1- poor
2- very thin
3- thin
4- moderately thin
5- moderate
6- moderately fleshy
7- fleshy
8- fat
9-extremely fat
