lecture 3- mendelian inheritance Flashcards
transmission genetics
transfer of genetic information from parents to offspring
heterozygous
alleles of the same gene (A and a)
homozygous
homologous chromosome pair (A/A and a/a)
genotype
the complete genetic makeup of an organism
phenotype
all observable traits of an organism
relationship between genotype and phenotype
the genotype interacts with both internal and external environments of the organism to produce the phenotype
mitosis
a continuum of events. scientists divide it into 4 phases
meiosis
creates 4 haploid gametes
transmission of genetic information: homozygote
alleles of a locus assort independently during meiosis
mendel’s first law
law of equal segregation
law of equal segregation
alleles of a locus segregate at random into gametes during meiosis. alleles of heterozygotes segregate equally
controlled crosses
cross pollination or selfing possible in pea plants
monohybrid
each parent will give 1/2 of each gamete
testcross
- cross the genotype in question with a tester
- a tester always has a homozygous recessive genotype
monohybrid testcross
- F1 genotypic ratio: 1 heterozygous: 1 homozygous recessive
- F1 phenotypic ratio: 1 smooth, 1 wrinkled