lecture 3- mendelian inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

transmission genetics

A

transfer of genetic information from parents to offspring

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2
Q

heterozygous

A

alleles of the same gene (A and a)

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3
Q

homozygous

A

homologous chromosome pair (A/A and a/a)

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4
Q

genotype

A

the complete genetic makeup of an organism

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5
Q

phenotype

A

all observable traits of an organism

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6
Q

relationship between genotype and phenotype

A

the genotype interacts with both internal and external environments of the organism to produce the phenotype

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7
Q

mitosis

A

a continuum of events. scientists divide it into 4 phases

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8
Q

meiosis

A

creates 4 haploid gametes

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9
Q

transmission of genetic information: homozygote

A

alleles of a locus assort independently during meiosis

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10
Q

mendel’s first law

A

law of equal segregation

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11
Q

law of equal segregation

A

alleles of a locus segregate at random into gametes during meiosis. alleles of heterozygotes segregate equally

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12
Q

controlled crosses

A

cross pollination or selfing possible in pea plants

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13
Q

monohybrid

A

each parent will give 1/2 of each gamete

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14
Q

testcross

A
  • cross the genotype in question with a tester
  • a tester always has a homozygous recessive genotype
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15
Q

monohybrid testcross

A
  • F1 genotypic ratio: 1 heterozygous: 1 homozygous recessive
  • F1 phenotypic ratio: 1 smooth, 1 wrinkled
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16
Q

mendels second law:

A

the law of independent assortment

17
Q

law of independent assortment

A
  • during gamete formation, segregation of alleles of a gene is independent of segregation of alleles of other genes
  • gene A alleles assort independently of gene B alleles on different chromosomes this only works when they are on separate chromosomes