Lecture 3 Material (Bones, the Skull and Skeletal Tissue!)

Question 1

What are the 7 main functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Anchorage
4. Mineral and growth factor storage
5. Bone cell formation
6. Triglyceride storage
7. Hormone production

Question 2

How many layers do bone tissues have? What are those layers called?

Answer 2

Tissues have 3 layers. They are called: 1. Outer Periosteum (outer top layer)
2. Spongy bone (inner/middle layer)
3. Compact bone (bottom outer layer)

Question 3

What canal delivers the blood supply in bones? What are they protected by?

Answer 3

The Osteons/Haversian canal, they are protected by the Lamellae

Question 4

What is the Endosteum?

Answer 4

The Endostesum is the inner lining of bone canals

Question 5

What do the Perforating canals do?

Answer 5

They perforate from the periosteum, through the canals and right to the spongy bone

Question 6

Which bone marrow is hemopoietic?

Answer 6

Red bone marrow

Question 7

Which layer of the tissue contains red bone marrow?

Answer 7

The Spongy bone

Question 8

Which part contains yellow bone marrow? Why is that bone marrow yellow?

Answer 8

The medullary cavity, the bone marrow is yellow because it contains fat and stem cells

Question 9

What 5 important bones the Axial skeleton consist of?

Answer 9

1) The vertebrae
2) Skull
3) Breast bone and sternum
4) Ribs
5) Facial and cranial bones

Question 10

What are the 6 Cranial bones of the skull

Answer 10

1. Frontal Bone (1)
2. Parietal Bones (2)
3. Occipital Bone (1)
4. Temporal bones (2)
5. Sphenoid (1)
6. Ethmoid (1)

Question 11

What are the 8 Facial bones of the skull?

Answer 11

1. Maxillae (2)
2. Palatine bones (2)
3. Nasal bones (2)
4. Inferior nasal conchae (2)
5. Zygomatic bones (2)
6. Lacrimal bones (2)
7. Vomer (1)
8. Mandible (basically the jaw)

Question 12

What are all the 22 labelled parts of the ANTERIOR skull ?

Answer 12

1) Parietal bones
2) Frontal bone
3) Squamous part of frontal bone (forehead)
4) Nasal bone
5) Sphenoid bone (greater wing and lesser wing)
6) Temporal bone
7) Ethmoid bone
8) Lacrimal bone
9) Zygomatic bone
10) Infraorbital foramen, Supraorbital foarmen
11) Maxilla
12) Mandible (jaw)
13) Mental foramen (the hole in the mandible)
14) Mental protuberance
15) Supraorbital margin (right below the foramen)
16) Superior orbital fissure, Inferior orbital fissure
17) Optic canal
18) Vomer
19) Middle nasal concha, perpendicular bone (make up the ethmoid bone on that side)
20) Inferior nasal concha

Question 13

What are the 12 labelled parts of the POSTERIOR skull?

Answer 13

1) Left Parietal bone
2) Right Parietal bone
3) Occipital bone
4) Sagittal suture
5) Lambdoid suture
6) Superior nuchal line, Inferior nuchal line
7) External occipital protuberance
8) External occipital crest
9) Occipital condyle
10) Mastoid process
11) Occipitomastoid suture

Question 14

What are the 30 parts of the INFERIOR skull?

Answer 14

1) Maxilla (palatine process)
2) Palatine bone
3) Zygomatic bone
4) Vomer
5) Temporal bone - zygomatic process)
6) Mandibular fossa
7) Styloid process
8) Mastoid process
9) Temporal bone - petrous part
10) Basilar part of the occipital bone
11) Occipital bone
12) External occipital crest
13) External occipital protuberance
14) Incisive fossa
15) Intermaxillary suture
16) Median palatine suture
17) Infraorbital foramen
18) Maxilla (regular)
19) Sphenoid bone - greater wing
20) Pterygoid process
21) Foramen ovale
22) Foramen spinosum
23) Foramen lacerum
24) Carotid canal
25) External acoustic meatus
26) Stylomastoid foramen
27) Jugular foramen
28) Occipital condyle
29) Inferior nuchal line, Superior nuchal line
30) Foramen magnum

Question 15

Identify the marked bone

Answer 15

Sphenoid

Question 16

Identify this marked part bone

Answer 16

Palatine

Question 17

Identify this marked bone

Answer 17

Supraorbital margin

Question 18

Identify this marked bone

Answer 18

Jugular foramen

Question 19

Identify this marked bone

Answer 19

Mastoid process

Question 20

Identify this bone marking

Answer 20

Ethmoidal sinus

Question 21

Identify this bone marking

Answer 21

Condylar process

Question 22

What directional term does the motion of opening your mouth describe? Name the major bone
that allows this action to happen too.
A) protraction, zygomatic bone
B) protraction, mandible
C) depression, mandible
D) protraction, maxilla

Answer 22

C) depression, mandible

Question 23

Which of the following statements about the sphenoid bone is true?
A) It forms the anterior portion of the nasal septum.
B) It articulates with all other cranial bones.
C) It contains the external auditory meatus.
D) It houses the occipital condyles.

Answer 23

B) It articulates with all other cranial bones

Question 24

Which of the following structures in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prevents the posterior
displacement of the mandible
A) Mandibular fossa
B) Zygomatic process
C) Lateral ligament
D) inferior joint cavity

Answer 24

C) Lateral ligament

Question 25

What is the name of the lower jawbone in the human body?
A) Maxilla
B) Zygomatic bone
C) Mandible
D) Vome

Answer 25

C) Mandible

Question 26

Which of the following best describes the function of the periosteum in bone
anatomy?
A) It provides a surface for muscle attachment and helps repair fractures.
B) It stores yellow bone marrow for energy reserves.
C) It serves as a protective outer covering and supplies blood and nutrients to the bone.
D) It contains osteocytes that maintain bone structure and density

Answer 26

C) It serves as a protective outer covering and supplies blood and nutrients to the bone.

Question 27

Which of the following is located in the temporal bone?
A) Foramen magnum
B) Zygomatic process
C) Crystal galli
D) Supraorbital notch

Answer 27

B) Zygomatic process

Question 28

From the options provided, what is the most inferior sinus on the head?
A) Ethmoidal Sinus
B) Maxillary Sinus
C) Frontal Sinus
D) Sphenoidal Sinus

Answer 28

B) Maxillary Sinus

Question 29

What is the anatomical plural term for “holes”, such as those found in the skull?
A) Sutures
B) Orbit
C) Foramen
D) Foramina

Answer 29

D) Foramina

Question 30

What are the 7 functions of bone?

A) Support, Protection, Anchorage, Mineral and growth factor storage, Bone Cell Formation, Triglyceride Storage and Hormone Production

B) Support Protection, Anchorage, Balance, Bone Cell Formation, Triglyceride Storage and Body
Density

C) Support, Protection, Anchorage, Mineal and growth factor storage, Bone Cell formation, Glucose Storage and Energy Production

D) Support, Protection, Anchorage, Balance, Movement, Flexibility and Hormone Production

Answer 30

A) Support, Protection, Anchorage, Mineral and growth factor storage, Bone Cell Formation, Triglyceride Storage and Hormone Production

Question 31

Which of the following statements about bone tissue is correct?

A) Compact bone contains trabeculae that house red bone marrow.

B) Spongy bone is primarily responsible for the production of hormones like osteocalcin.

C) Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, providing strength and support.

D) Spongy bone is only found in the diaphysis of long bones

Answer 31

C) Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, providing strength and support.

Question 32

What kind of bone is thin, flattened, and slightly curved?
A) Irregular bones
B) Short bones
C) Flat bones
D) Long bones

Answer 32

C) Flat bones

Question 33

Which three bones are a part of the sphenoid bone?

A) Forman Ovale, Supraorbital Foramen, Jugular Foramen

B) Foramen Rotundum, Foramen Ovale, Foramen Spinosum

C) Jugular Foramen, Petrous, Stylomastoid Foramen

D) Foramen Spinosum, Jugular Foramen, Foramen Magnum

Answer 33

B) Foramen Rotundum, Foramen Ovale, Foramen Spinosum

Question 34

What is the name of the condition that occurs when a person has a curve in the coronial plane
of the spine?
A) Spinous
B) Scoliosis
C) Hyperlordosis
D) Hyperkyphosis

Answer 34

B) Scoliosis

Question 35

Which of the following is classified as a flat bone?
A) Femur
B) Scapula
C) Tibia
D) Radius

Answer 35

B) Scapula

Question 36

Question: Which of the following bones is not considered a flat bone?
A) Sternum
B) Femur
C) Frontal bone
D) Scapula

Answer 36

B) Femur

Question 37

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
A) Maintenance of body temperature
B) Anchorage
C) Cellular respiration
D) Protein synthesis

Answer 37

B) Anchorage

Question 38

Which one is a bone marking of the ethmoid bone?
A) Anterior nasal spine
B) Inferior nasal concha
C) Middle nasal concha bone
D) Nasal bone

Answer 38

C) Middle nasal concha bone