Lecture 3 LO Flashcards
Describe the functions of fascia
- Supporting matrix of the musculoskeletal system
- Provides pathway for nerves and vessels (including lymph) and fascial planes
- Restraining mechanisms
- Formation of bursa sacs
- Preserves the contour of the limbs
- Superficial storage of fat
- Participates in healing
- Provides attachment and origin of muscles
Describe the functions of fascia
-Provides pathway for nerves and vessels (including lymph) and fascial planes
Possible negative effect on lymph flow
Describe the functions of fascia
-Restraining mechanisms?
Pulleys, tendonous sheaths
Describe the functions of fascia
-Formation of bursa sacs?
Decrease friction
Describe the functions of fascia
-Preserves the contour of the limbs?
Deep fascia
Describe the functions of fascia
-Participates in healing?
-Deposition of collagen fibers in scar tissue
Discuss fascial dysfunction and the relationship to somatic dysfunction
??
Describe the anatomic distribution and continuity of fascia
??
Describe the interactions of fascia and muscle
?
Describe soft tissue techniques used to treat myofascial restrictions
- Treatments used to release stress in the non-skeletal aspect of the musculoskeletal system
- Can be used alone or along with other modalities
- Useful in acute and chronic problems
Describe soft tissue techniques used to treat myofascial restrictions
-Action?
- Mechanically stretch skin, fascia, muscles to increase pliability and motion
- Increase circulation of fluid in and around the MS system
Describe soft tissue techniques used to treat myofascial restrictions
-Neurological effect?
Decreases inappropriate reflexive spasm
Describe soft tissue techniques used to treat myofascial restrictions
-In bedridden patients?
Helps increase muscle tone in bedridden patients
Describe soft tissue techniques used to treat myofascial restrictions
-Barrier concept-direct vs. indirect?
Direct barrier-Going toward restrictive barrier
Indirect barrier-Going away from restrictive barrier
Describe soft tissue techniques used to treat myofascial restrictions
-Types of techniques?
- Lateral/perpendicular stretch
- Linear/longitudinal stretch
- Reflex inhibition
- Effleurage, petrissage, tapotement
Describe soft tissue techniques used to treat myofascial restrictions
-Types of techniques-Lateral/perpendicular stretch?
Force the tissue at right angles to the long axis of the muscle or tissue
Describe soft tissue techniques used to treat myofascial restrictions
-Types of techniques-Linear/longitudinal stretch?
Force tissue in direction of long axis or moving from origin and insertion
Describe soft tissue techniques used to treat myofascial restrictions
-Types of techniques-reflex inhibition?
Force applied as steady pressure to spastic tissue
Describe soft tissue techniques used to treat myofascial restrictions
-Types of techniques-Effleurage, petrissage, tapotement?
Lymphatic techniques
Underlying principles of soft tissue
-Stretch and kneading?
- Slow, do not “surprise” muscles or tissues
- Not too much
- Causes realignment of collagenous fibers, lengthening of muscle fibers
- Helps move fluids
Underlying principles of soft tissue
-Pressure?
- Moves fluids
- May cause reflex inhibition of nociceptive inputs
- May cause golgi tendon organ inhibition of muscle activity
Underlying principles of soft tissue
-Lymphatic techniques?
- Increases circulations via vibrations, stroking of tissues
- Increases extracellular fluid movement
Underlying principles of soft tissue
-Myofascial release technique-Designed to?
-Designed to stretch and reflexively release patterned soft tissue related restrictions
Underlying principles of soft tissue
-Myofascial release technique-Goals?
- Assess and modify maladaptive patterns
- Search out tight and loose “end-feels”
Underlying principles of soft tissue
- Myofascial release technique-Goals:
- Search out tight and loose “end-feels”-dynamic barriers?
-Soft tissue/bony impediment to INHERENT motion
Underlying principles of soft tissue
- Myofascial release technique-Goals:
- Search out tight and loose “end-feels”-static barriers?
-Soft tissue/bony impediment to PASSIVE motion
Underlying principles of soft tissue
- Myofascial release technique-Goals:
- Search out tight and loose “end-feels”-direct treatments?
- Define areas of tightness by holding tissue firmly into barrier of restriction
- Wait for tissue release (tissue CREEP)
- Art lies in being able to follow tissue response as release begins
Underlying principles of soft tissue
- Myofascial release technique-Goals:
- Search out tight and loose “end-feels”-Indirect treatments?
- Move the tissue in 3 dimensions 180 degrees from restrictive barrier
- Subtle release of tissue
- Art lies in being able to keep the tissues in a “loose” fashion while the body “unwinds”
Describe the compensatory patterns observed by J. Gordon Zink
- Areas of?
- Examples?
- Areas of restriction frequently at transition zones
- Examples-OA, cervicothoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbosacral
Describe the compensatory patterns observed by J. Gordon Zink
-May be due to any number factors including?
Handedness, eye dominance, foot preference, leg length discrepancies
Describe the compensatory patterns observed by J. Gordon Zink
-Compensated patterns?
- Common (LRLR)
- Uncommon (RLRL)
Describe the compensatory patterns observed by J. Gordon Zink
-Uncompensated?
- No alteration in pattern, or incomplete alterations
- Trauma, slow injury recovery, illness
- Typically require more chronic treatments
Describe the structure and composition of fascia
- Makes up a large portion of soft tissue
- All enveloping
- Ability to be contractile and elastic
- Serves many functions
Wolf’s Law
Tissue is laid upon lines of stress
Hook’s Law
Amount of deformation (i.e. strain) is dependent on the amount of stress (force) applied
Newton’s Third Law
Force exerted by one object is equal in magnitude to the opposite force exerted by a second object
Stress
Force normalized over an area on which it acts
Strain
Change in shape (deformation) as a result of stress
Stiffness
Ratio of load to amount of deformation it causes
Compliance
Inverse to stiffness
Viscoelastic material
Any material that deforms in relation to rate of loading and deformity
Creep
Continual deformation of viscoelastic material with time under constant load
Tethering
Idea of a change in forces (tension) in a tissue causing and/or maintaining asymmetries in static posture and available motion (function)
Tethering
-Tightness of tissue involves?
- Deep and superficial fascia
- Large and small muscle groups
- Bone
- Suggests tethering
Tethering-Looseness
Joint/tissue laxity with or without neural inhibition
Tethering
-caused by?
- Somatic dysfunction
- Synovial joint changes affect joint play
- Asymmetrical neural implants
