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OS Exam 1 > Lecture 1 LO > Flashcards

Lecture 1 LO Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tissue texture changes-Skin (texture)-acute?

A

Warm, moist, red, inflamed (vascular and chemical changes)

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2
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tissue texture changes-Skin (texture)-chronic?

A

Cool, pale (chronic increases sympathetic tone)

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3
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tissue texture changes-Skin (quality)-acute?

A

No trophic changes

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4
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tissue texture changes-Skin (quality)-Chronic?

A

Trophic changes: dry, scaly, cold, pale, shiny, hairless, pimples, folliculitis

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5
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tissue texture changes-Tissues-acute?

A

Boggy edema, acute congestion, fluids in area of damage drawn in by chemical rxns

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6
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tissue texture changes-Tissues-Chronic?

A

Chronic congestion, doughy, stringy, fibrotic, ropy, thickened, contractures

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7
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tissue texture changes-vascular-acute?

A

Inflammation, vessel wall injury, endogenous peptide release

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8
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tissue texture changes-Vascular-Chronic?

A

Sympathetic tone increases vascular constriction

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9
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tissue texture changes-Sympathetics-Acute?

A

Sympathetic activity but local vasoconstriction overpowered by local chemical release, net effect is vasodilation

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10
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tissue texture changes-Sympathetics-Chronic?

A

Vasoconstriction, hypersympathetic tone, may be regional

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11
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tissue texture changes-Musculature-Acute?

A

Local increase in muscle tone, muscle contraction, spasm, increased tone of muscle spindle

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12
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tissue texture changes-Musculature-Chronic?

A

Decreased muscle tone, flaccid, mushy, limited range of motion due to contractures

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13
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Asymmetry?

A

Are the bilateral parts of the body level with each other

-Right shoulder on same level with left shoulder

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14
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Restriction of motion-Mobility-Acute?

A

Usually sluggish, may be guarding (to prevent further pain)

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15
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Restriction of motion-Mobility-Chronic?

A

Limited range of motion, but motion itself feels normal

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16
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tenderness?

A
  • Discomfort of pain elicited by the physician through palpation
  • A state of unusual sensitivity to touch or pressure
17
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tenderness-pain-acute?

A

Sharp, severe, cutting

18
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tenderness-pain-Chronic?

A

Dull, ache, paresthesias (tingling, burning, gnawing, itching)

19
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tenderness-visceral function-acute?

A

Minimal somatovisceral effects

20
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

-Tenderness-Visceral function-chronic?

A

Somatovisceral effects common

21
Q

Define the term passive range of motion

A
  • The patient is NOT active, completely passive
  • Does not require participation of patient
  • The examiner takes the patient’s relaxed limb through its complete range
  • Because there are no muscles in use (ideally), there are no muscular restrictions, only ligaments to stop motion
  • Greater range of motion in passive than active ROM
22
Q

Define the term active ROM

A
  • The patient demonstrates the activity
  • Requires the patient to use their own muscles, agonists and antagonists, to achieve the desired motion
  • Because both sides of muscles are in use, the ROM is LESS than passive ROM
  • Must have the understanding and cooperation of patient
23
Q

Define the term anatomic barrier

A
  • The limit of motion imposed by anatomic structure
  • Just beyond the limit of PROM
  • The point past which tissue disruption occurs
24
Q

Define the term elastic barrier

A
  • The range between the physiologic and anatomic barriers of motion in which passing ligamentous stretching occurs before tissue disruption
  • “The stretch between AROM and PROM”
  • Often the area that a “warm up” affects
25
Q

Define the term pathologic barrier

A

Permanent restriction of joint motion associated with pathologic changes of tissues

26
Q

Define the term physiologic barrier

A
  • The limit of active motion
  • Can increase ROM by warm up activities
  • “As far as you can go by yourself”
27
Q

Define the term restrictive barrier

A
  • A functional limit within the anatomic ROM, which abnormally diminishes the normal ROM
  • Cannot achieve full ROM-something preventing it-muscle contraction, tight ligament, etc.
28
Q

Define and understand somatic dysfunction

A

The impaired or altered function of related skeletal components of the somatic system
-Skeletal, arthrodial (joints), myofascial structures, and related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements

29
Q

Describe the elements of somatic dysfunction

  • Acronym?
  • What do each of the letters stand for?
A
  • TART
    • Tissue texture changes
    • Asymmetry
    • Restriction of motion
    • Tenderness
30
Q

Tone

  • Definition?
  • Contrasts with?
A
  • Normal feel of muscle in the relaxed state
  • Contrasts with hypertonicity-at the extreme=spastic paralysis
  • Contrasts with hypotonicity-no tone at all=flaccid paralysis
31
Q

Contraction

A

Normal tone of a muscle when it shortens or is activated agaist resistance

32
Q

Contracture

A
  • Abnormal shortening of a muscle due to fibrosis
  • Most often in the tissue itself, often the result of a chronic condition
  • Muscle is no longer able to reach its full normal length
33
Q

Spasm

A
  • Abnormal contraction maintained beyond physiological need
  • Most often sudden and involuntary muscular contraction that results in abnormal motion
  • Usually accompanied by pain and restriction of motion
34
Q

Bogginess

A
  • Increased fluid in a hypertonic muscle

- Similar to a wet sponge

35
Q

Ropiness

A
  • Hard, firm, rope or cord-like muscle tone

- Usually indicates a chronic condition

36
Q

End feel

A
  • The palpatory experience or perceived quality of motion when a joint is moved to its limit-a barrier is approached
  • Abnormal end feel-early or late muscle spasm
37
Q

How somatic dysfunctions are named

A
  • Where they like to live
  • Position of ease-if a body segment freely rotates to the left, but is restricted to the right, the restriction is named “rotated left”

OS Exam 1 (9 decks)

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