Lecture 2 LO

Question 1

Understand vertebral motion/physiologic motion of the spine

-Gross motion

Answer 1

• Bending at the waist
• Turning your head
• Leaning to one side

Question 2

Understand vertebral motion/physiologic motion of the spine

-Fine motion

Answer 2

• Small muscles of the spine-multifudus, rotatores, interspinales, and intertransversaii
• Can produce small restrictions of motion

Question 3

Understand vertebral motion/physiologic motion of the spine

-Restrictions of motion in the spine?

Answer 3

• Reduce efficiency-if one joint is not moving properly, other joints will be extended past normal ROM
• Impair flow of fluids
• Alter nerve function
• Create structural imbalance

Question 4

Understand vertebral motion/physiologic motion of the spine

-Spinal somatic dysfunction?

Answer 4

The spine is a series of joints with each joint having a specific function in relation to the vertebra above and below

Question 5

Understand vertebral motion/physiologic motion of the spine

 - Movement of the spine-Regional differences?
    - Lordotic vs kyphotic curves?

Answer 5

• Lordotic curves-cervical and lumbar

- Kyphotic curves-thoracic and sacrum

Question 6

Define the term flexion

• Definition?

- Examples?

Answer 6

• Decreasing the angle between the bones of a joint
• Examples-neck flexion is chin to chest
  - trunk flexion is the fetal position

Question 7

Define the term extension

Answer 7

Increasing the angle between the bones of a joint

Question 8

Define the term side bending

Answer 8

Lateral bending, side flexion

Question 9

Understand the nomenclature of somatic dysfunction

Answer 9

• If a vertebra will not rotate to the right (you have pushed on the left transverse process) it is restricted in right motion
• You have noticed that it is slightly rotated to the left, frequently a palpable finding
  - Hard end-feel when pushing on the left TP = posterior transverse process
• It “lives” in left rotation, won’t rotate right and is named “a rotated left SD”
• The problem is something holding it to the left

Question 10

Fryette’s principles

-#1?

Answer 10

• When the thoracic and lumbar spine is in a neutral position (not flexed or extended), the coupled motions of sidebending and rotation for a group of vertebra are such that the sidebending and rotation occur in opposite directions
• Rotation occurs toward the convexity

Question 11

Fryette’s principles

-#1-characteristics?

Answer 11

• Found in neutral
• Found in the occipitoatlantal (OA) joint
• May occur T1-T5
• Sidebending and rotation in opposite directions
• Rotation is toward the convexity
• Type I mechanic can become Type I dysfunction

Question 12

Fryette’s principles

-#1-characteristics-Acronym?

Answer 12

TONGO

• Type
• One
• Neutral
• Group curve, goes
• Opposite (rotation and sidebending)

Question 13

Fryette’s principle #2?

Answer 13

When the thoracic and lumbar spine is sufficiently forward or backward bent (non-neutral), the coupled motions of sidebending and rotation in a single vertebral unit occur in the same direction

Question 14

Fryette’s principle #2

-What regions of the spine does it occur in?

Answer 14

Lumbar, thoracic, and typical cervical spine segments

Question 15

Fryette’s principle #2?

-Other characteristics?

Answer 15

Non-neutral

• Rotation and sidebending is to the same side
• Sagittal plane motion is a component of this motion
  
  • Flexion/extension

Question 16

Fryette’s principle #2

-Type II SD?

Answer 16

• Usually a single segment
• May occur in combination with type I dysfunction
• Rotation is toward the concavity
• History of rapid onset

Question 17

Fryette’s principle #2

-Type II SD-History of rapid onset?

Answer 17

• May be traumatic
• May be a sudden movement
• May be unusual position

Question 18

Fryette’s principle #3?

Answer 18

• Initiating motion of a vertebral segment in any plane of motion will modify the movement of that segment in other planes of motion
  
  • In essence, recognizes that the motions are coupled due to arrangements of the facets

Question 19

Fryette’s principles-#3

-Example?

Answer 19

• If a vertebra is already flexed and rotated to the right using type II mechanics, then sidebending to the left would be more difficult than sidebending to the right
• If motion were not coupled, then one could assume that sidebending and rotation would be independent of each other

Question 20

Fryette’s principle #3

-One practical application?

Answer 20

One practical application is to “lock out in all three planes of motion” when using HVLA treatment