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Biochemistry SBME > Lecture 3: lipid chemistry > Flashcards

Lecture 3: lipid chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of lipids

A

organic compounds characterized by being:
1. esters of fatty acids or substances associated with them in nature.
2. insoluble in h2o but soluble in fat solvents

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2
Q

importance of lipids

A
  1. high energy value
  2. fat-soluble vitamins
  3. essential fatty acids
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3
Q

monocarboxylic acids containing an even number of carbon atoms

A

fatty acids

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4
Q

fatty acids in which all carbon atoms are satisfied with H

A

saturated fatty acids

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5
Q

fatty acids which contain double bonds

A

unsaturated fatty acids

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6
Q

unsaturated fatty acids containing 1 double bond

A

monoethanoid (monoenoic)

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7
Q

unsaturated fatty acids containing more than 1 double bond

A

PUFA (polyenoic)

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8
Q

the most common saturated fatty acid in human tissue

A

palmitic acid

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9
Q

worst kind of fats for humans

A

transfatty acids

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10
Q

the result of partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fat

A

trans fats

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11
Q

why are trans fats the worst fats for human

A

because trans fats increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

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12
Q

what causes coronary heart disease

A

the increase in saturated fatty acids intake causes increase in plasma cholesterol level which causes coronary heart disease

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13
Q

benefits of monoenoic acid

A

monoenoic acid intake has beneficial health effects as decreased plasma cholesterol

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14
Q

benefits of co6 PUFAs

A

decreased plasma cholesterol

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15
Q

benefits of co3 PUFAs

A
  1. lowering blood pressure
  2. lowering plasma TAG levels
  3. decreasing tendency to thrombosis (occurs when blood clots block the blood vessels)
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16
Q

α-linolenic acid

A

co3 PUFA

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17
Q

α-linoleic acid

A

co6 PUFA

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18
Q

simple lipids that are produced by the dehydration synthesis of one or more fatty acids with an alcohol

A
  1. neutral fats (TAG)
  2. waxes
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19
Q

lipids formed by linking fatty acids with an ester linkage to three alcohol groups (3 fatty acids) in glycerol

A

triacylglycerol (TAG)

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20
Q

a simple lipid which is an ester of a long-chain alcohol and a fatty acid

A

waxes

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21
Q

a simple lipid that may contain 12-32 carbon atoms

A

waxes

22
Q

phospholipids whose alcohol is glycerol

A

glycerophospholipids

23
Q

phospholipids whose alcohol is sphingosine

A

sphingomyelin

24
Q

function of phospholipids

A
  1. help digestion and absorption of fats
  2. important constituents of the cell membrane (lipid bilayer)
  3. important constituents of plasma lipoproteins
  4. they are amphipathic molecules (contain polar and non-polar molecules)
25
Q

a type of lipids that are present in nervous tissues and RBCs

A

glycolipids

26
Q

lipids that consist of sphingosine + fatty acid+ CHO

A

glycolipids

27
Q

complex lipids present in the cerebrum and cerebellum

A

cerebrosides

28
Q

complex lipids present in ganglions (a nerve’s head)

A

gangliosides

29
Q

a common form of a chemical reaction where water is mostly used to break down the chemical bonds that exists between a particular substance

A

hydrolysis

30
Q

lipids that are produced from the hydrolysis of simple and conjugated lipids or associated with lipids in nature

A

derived lipids

31
Q

forms of derived lipids

A
  1. fatty acids
  2. alcohols
  3. steroids
  4. carotenoids
  5. fat soluble vitamins (A,D,K &E)
32
Q

compound of 4 fused rings with 17C atoms

A

steroids

33
Q

forms of steroids

A
  1. sterols
  2. bile acids
  3. steroid hormones
34
Q

a large family of molecules that have a steroidal structure and are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver

A

bile acids

35
Q

present in all tissues but higher concentration in: brain, nervous tissue, liver, gonads, adrenals, skin and adipose tissue

A

cholesterol

36
Q

the precursor of cholesterol

A

active acetone

37
Q

importance of cholesterol

A
  1. converted to bile acids and bile salts in the liver
  2. precursor of all steroid hormones
  3. source of vitamin D3 in human body
38
Q

what causes atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease

A

high cholesterol in blood

39
Q

a vitamin which is essential for blood clotting and healthy bones

A

vitamin K

40
Q

a vitamin which is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect the cells from damage

A

vitamin E

41
Q

a vitamin which is important for bone and muscle health and helps prevent osteoporosis

A

vitamin D

42
Q

a vitamin which plays a key role in maintaining our vision

A

vitamin A

43
Q

functions of carotenoids

A
  1. skin health
  2. eye health
  3. antioxidant prop.
  4. immune system func.
44
Q

important for digestion and absorption of fats

A

bile acids and salts

45
Q

steroid hormones which contain 21 carbon atoms

A

corticoids, progesterone

46
Q

steroid hormones which contain 19 carbon atoms

A

testosterone

47
Q

steroid hormones which contain 18 carbon atoms

A

estrogen, estradiol

48
Q

corticoids which regulate the balance of water and electrolytes in our body

A

mineralocorticoids

49
Q

a hormone your adrenal glands release that helps regulate blood pressure by managing the levels of sodium and potassium in your blood

A

aldosterone (21C)

50
Q

corticoids which have a pivotal role in the glucose, protein, and fat metabolism of the body

A

glucocorticoids

Biochemistry SBME (8 decks)

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