lec 7: enzymes

Question 1

a protein that regulates chemical reaction without change in structure

Answer 1

enzyme

Question 2

enzymes made of nucleotides

Answer 2

ribozymes

Question 3

what type of enzymes are pepsin, amylase and lipase

Answer 3

digestive enzymes (simple proteins)

Question 4

enzyme that needs a cofactor for activation

Answer 4

holoenzyme (conjugated protein)

Question 5

protein part of holoenzyme

Answer 5

apoenzyme

Question 6

cofactor that works as carrier

Answer 6

coenzyme (loosely attached)

Question 7

firmly attached cofactor

Answer 7

prosthetic group

Question 8

vitamin in NAD+

Answer 8

niacin

Question 9

vitamin in FAD

Answer 9

riboflavin

Question 10

hydrogen carrier enzymes

Answer 10

NAD and FAD

Question 11

vitamin in coA

Answer 11

pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)

Question 12

prosthetic group are usually composed of:

Answer 12

metals (zn,cu,fe)

Question 13

how do enzymes help in thermoregulation

Answer 13

by lowering activation energy needed for chemical reactions in human body thus regulating body temperature at 37 degrees

Question 14

a specific arrangement of amino acid in an enzyme

Answer 14

active site

Question 15

an enzyme, when binding with its substrate, optimizes the interface through physical interactions to form the final complex structure

Answer 15

induced fit hypothesis

Question 16

factors affecting enzyme catalysis reactions

Answer 16

1. substrate concentration
2. enzyme concentration
3. temperature
4. cofactor concentration
5. ph
6. concentration of inhibitors

Question 17

enzyme denaturation occurs as a result of

Answer 17

extremes of temperature and ph (outside the enzyme’s optimal range)

Question 18

causes of inhibition

Answer 18

1. competition
2. allosteric modification
3. feedback inhibition

Question 19

regulation of enzyme activity

Answer 19

1. allosteric regulation (allosteric inhibitor - allosteric stimulator)
2. covalent modification
3. altering amount of enzymes in cells (induction and regression)

Question 20

enzymes responsible for oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer 20

oxidoreductases

Question 21

enzymes responsible for transferring molecules

Answer 21

transferases

Question 22

enzymes responsible for hydrolysis

Answer 22

hyrolases

Question 23

enzymes responsible for lysis

Answer 23

lyases

Question 24

enzymes responsible for catalysis of interconversion between isomers

Answer 24

isomerases

Question 25

an enzyme that can catalyze the joining of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond

Answer 25

ligases

Question 26

an enzyme that needs energy derived from ATP

Answer 26

ligase

Question 27

their increase in blood or urine indicate hepatitis

Answer 27

alanine aminotransferase (ALT) aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

Question 28

increases in obstructive liver diseases

Answer 28

alkaline phosphate

Question 29

their increase in blood or urine indicate myocardial infarction

Answer 29

AST, Creatine kinase, Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 30

increases in pancreatitis

Answer 30

amylase