Lecture 3 Injury Prevention Flashcards
Why is sport injury prevention important?
Prevent injury to play more and be mentally stable. Keep the performance the same or elevate it. Quality of life. Keep cost low for health costs.
Injuries in youth sport and recreation
- 1 in every 3 youth (aged 11-18) in Canada seek medical attention for a sport-related injury every year
- Lower extremity injuries (60%) and concussions (20%)
- LE injuries: 60% knee and ankle
- Concussions: Hockey and rugby over 50%
- Highest burden –> hockey (10%), basketball (10%), soccer (10%)
Consequences of sport injuries
Decrease: Participation in S&R, school/work attendance, physical activity
Increase: Overweight/obesity + other health implications, osteoarthritis(ankle and knee joint injuries)
- Psychosocial consequences
- Health care and indirect costs are high
Are there any other consequences
- Sport mastery and associated opportunities (U Sports, NCAA,Pro)
- 65% with ACL reconstruction for a total rupture played at the same level 3 years after (*in professional male Soccer).
- In elite athletes, at 2 years after ACLR surgery, 79.6% were still playing,
51% at the same level.
Sporting organization: price of tickets or performance increase. League position and funding, crowd/gate receipts, commercial deals.
Step Sequence o injury prevention research
- Establish the extent of the injury problem
- Find the mechanisms and risk factors(cause)
- Introduce a preventive measure
- Evaluate the effectiveness of intervention
Modifiable risk factors
Balance, flexibility, strength, aerobic fitness, training load
Non-modifiable risk factors
Age, sex, previous injury
Levels of prevention
Primary prevention
secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Primary prevention
Intervening before health effects occur
Secondary prevention
Early detection of injury
Tertiary prevention
Control against consequences, rehabilitation
Evidence based sport injury prevention strategies
Training strategies
Rule modification- mandatory medicals
Equipment
Strategies used in sport injury prevention studies
- Training programs to improve
fitness/movement quality (n=64) - New or modified sport equipment (n=33)
- New or modified rules (n=19)
- Education (n=14)
- Training programs to improve
psychological and/or cognitive skills
(n=6) - Policy change (n=5)
- Multi-component/multiple interventions (n=14)
What are the aims of neuromuscular training?
- Automatic patterns, improve prprioception
- prevent injury
- Improve neuromuscular control and functional joint stability
- improve technique and skills
NMT programs
Regular neuromuscular training can reduce injury rates up to 70%
Why is technique important?
Poor technique can increase the load on muscles and ligaments. overloading them, leading to injury
Soccer NMT warm-up program and basketball NMT warm-up
- forward run with direction changes: controlling centre of gravity, knee position when changing direction
- squat: helps with glute acitvation all prevention exercise
- lunges: allows you to shape almost any muscle in the lower body
How many hours and repetitions in a year?
- Pre-season may-august: 4-5 team practices per week
- Game season September-march: 3-4 team practices, 3 morning and 1-2 games per week
- 10-20 minute warm up(before) and cool-down(after) game
Training load and injury
Association between injuries and…
- rapid increases in training loads
- insufficient practice vs. competition
- too little variation in training load (monotony)
- spikes in training load
What us training load?
- Intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise
- specific to the exercise type
- external training load vs internal
- work performed, how body reacts to the training, specific to each training exercise
Structure specific training load
Sum of movement and structure specific loads(e.g., step, throw, jump, direction change)
Different between individuals
Sport specialization and LE injuries
- High School athletes (n=1544), one school-year follow-up
- Sport specialization scale – three questions:
- Have you quit another sport to focus on your primary sport?
- Do you consider your primary sport more important than your other sports?
- Do you train more than 8 months a year in your primary sport?
- Athletes are classified as
- Low (score = 0-1)
- Moderate (score = 2), or
- High (score = 3) specialization
