Lecture 10 Common Injuries Flashcards
Typical repetitive injury
- Pathological process is often under war for a period of time before the athlete notices symptoms
Repetitive injury
*Alternative nomenclatures
*Gradual onset injury
*Chronic injury
*Overuse syndrome
*Sports disease
*Cumulative trauma disorder
*Repetitive strain injury
*Overuse injury
Types of repetitive injuries in sport
Bone: Bone stress reaction, stress fracture, osteitis apophysitis, enthesopathy
Tendon: tendinopathy
Joint/ligament: labrum repetitive (overuse) injury, ligament degeneration, synovitis, chondropathy
Muscle/fascia: DOMS, fasciitis, chronic compartment syndrome
Bursa: Bursitis
Nerve: Altered neuromechanical sensitivity
Apophysitis
-Adolescents
- Pubertal growth
- overloads (or traction) the apothysitis- growth plate
- growth plate may pull away which may cause calcification on tissues
Enthesis
- Junction between tension and a bone
-fibrocartilage - enthesopathy: umbrella term for injury that affects connection points
Chronic compartment syndrome
- Exercise induced condition of muscle
- Repetitive impact activity (e.g., running), overloading
- Swelling and increased pressure causing reduced blood flow and pain
- Most commonly in the lower legs
- The lower leg has four compartments, and any one or all of them can be affected
- Aching, burning, tightness, numbness,
weakness - Typically treated conservatively
Risk factors for repetitive injury- intrinsic
- Previous injury
- Biomechanics
- Leg length discrepancy
- Muscle imbalance
- Muscle weakness
- Lack of flexibility
- Sex
- Body composition
- Genetic factors
Risk factors for repetitive injury- extrinsic
- Training load errors
- Surfaces
- Shoes
- Equipment
- Environmental conditions
- Inadequate nutrition
Treatment of repetitive injuries
- Treatment is not only managing the injury
- essential to address the factors that have contributed to the development of injury!!
Prevention of repetitive injuries
- Most repetitive injuries are avoidable
- strength training for the major muscle groups
- exercise regularly, cross-training, rest days, sleep, nutrition, proper equipment, correct from and technique
- Gradually increase training load
Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)
- Running and jumping sports
- Risk factors
- Pain and inflammation along middle-
distal third of posteromedial aspect of
tibia - Diffuse pain, inside distal end of tibia
MTSS: diagnosis and treatment
- History and physical examination (palpation)
- alternative training
- correction of malalignment and training problems
- Exercise therapy: strength and flexibility
- Prognosis is good if treated early!
Tibial stress fracture
- Running and jumping sports
- Risk factors
- Significant pain during running, often disappears during rest, returns when athlete starts running again
- Focal pain, in a small area, stress fracture, females with abnormal menstrual cycles are prone to this more
Tibial stress fracture: diagnosis and treatment
- History and physical examination (Palpation & hop test)
- X-ray; MRI
- Crutches & Brace & Alternative training
- When pain free –> Progressive training
- Prognosis is good if diagnosed early
Low back pain (LBP)
General population: Lifetime prevalence 85%→ Up to 20-30% can become
persistent.
Athletes: Lifetime prevalence 1-94%
→ Time-loss from sport, limitations to performance, decreased quality of life, high costs of treatment
