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Ocular Anatomy > Lecture 3: Histology > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 types of tissues?

A
  • connective
  • epithelial
  • muscle
  • nervous
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2
Q

T or F: Epithelial tissue varies in structure and function

A

true

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3
Q

what are the 6 characteristics of epithelial tissues?

A
  1. Form surface-parallel sheets
  2. Rest on basement membrane
  3. Sheet, and individual cells, are polarized.
  4. Cells tightly apposed to each other
  5. Avascular
  6. Dynamic
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4
Q

what are the 8 functions of epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Secretion
  3. Absorption
  4. Trans-cellular transport
  5. Parallel transport
  6. Selective barrier
  7. Sensory (innervation)
  8. Contraction
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5
Q

free – attached

A

luminal – abluminal

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6
Q

what are the different epithelial classifications?

A

Number of layers
•Simple
•Stratified •Pseudostratified

Cell shape
•Squamous
•Cuboidal
•Columnar

Other
•Transitional

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7
Q

describe what simple squamous epithelium looks like

A

Flat, scale-like cells

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8
Q

what type of epithelium lines the cortex of the kidney, facilitates rapid diffusion,
filtration?

A

simple squamous epithelium

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9
Q

describe what simple cuboidal epithelium looks like

A

Cells appear to look like cubes when viewed laterally

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10
Q

Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) is what type of epithelium

A

simple cuboidal

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11
Q

describe what simple columnar epithelium looks like

A

Cells appear taller than wide

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12
Q

what is the function of a simple columnar epithelium?

A

to protect

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13
Q

what epithelium can be innervated to provide sensory input to the cornea?

A

simple columnar epithelium

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14
Q

describe what pseudostratified epithelium looks like

A

Appears greater than one cell thick, but all cells make contact with the basement membrane

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15
Q

describe stratified squamous epithelium

A

Appears greater than one cell thick, but all cells make contact with the basement membrane

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16
Q

where is stratified squamous epithelium

A

Found on surfaces where friction occurs

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17
Q

what type of epithelium is the stratified corneal epithelium?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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18
Q

how thick is stratified corneal epithelium?

A

(50 u)

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19
Q

Stratified epithelium is named from what layer

A

the superficial layer

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20
Q

are the stratified squamous surface cells keratinized or non-keratinized

A

non-keratinized squamous cells

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21
Q

how thick are wing cells?

A

20 u

22
Q

define the basal cell layer of the stratified corneal epithelium

A

(single layer

columnar cells, 8-10 u)

23
Q

what are two types of simple squamous epithelium and what do they line?

A

Endothelium
lines heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.

Mesothelium
lines body cavities and covers all organs that project into these cavities.

24
Q

what does keratinization protect against

A

Keratinization protects against abrasion, desiccation and microbial invasion

25
Q

what is the clinical correlation to the keratinized epithelium?

A

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP)

26
Q

what is the space between two cells in angstroms?

A

~150 Angstroms

27
Q

what are two specializations of the apical surface?

A
  • microvilli

- cilia

28
Q

what are the three specializations of the lateral surface?

A
  • Occluding junctions
  • Adhering junctions
  • Communicating
29
Q

what are two specializations of the basal surface?

A
  • Basal lamina

- Basal striations

30
Q

The microvillus increases what?

A

the surface area of a cell

31
Q

The number and shape of the cell’s microvilli correlate with its what?

A

absorptive capacity.

32
Q

Beating cilia move particulates parallel to what?

A

to the cell surface

33
Q

what are the 3 intercellular junctions

A
  • occluding
  • adhering
  • communicating
34
Q

what is an example of an occluding intercellular junction?

A
  • zonula occludens
35
Q

what is are 3 examples of adhering intercellular junctions?

A
  • Zonula adherens
  • Desmosome
  • Hemidesmosome
36
Q

what is an example of a communicating intercellular junction?

A

Gap junction

37
Q

what forms complete encircling girdles around the cell?

A
  • zonula occludens (tight junctions)
38
Q

what are the 3 functions of zonula occludens (tight junction)?

A
  • Obliterates intercellular space, preventing passage of material between adjacent cells
  • Points of attachment are between transmembrane proteins (occludens) located along ridge-like elevations
  • Separates apical membrane region from basolateral membrane region
39
Q

macula adheres are what?

A

desmosomes

40
Q

Transmembrane proteins (cadherins) link what?

A

the cytoskeletal elements of adjacent cells.

41
Q

Hemidesmosome attach what?

A

Hemidesmosome attach epithelial cell to the basal lamina

42
Q

Transmembrane proteins of the integrin family link what?

A

the hemidesmosome to the ECM (extra cellular matrix)

43
Q

what are macula communicans?

A

gap junctions

44
Q

gap junctions allow for what?

A

intercellular communication and

electrical coupling of cells

45
Q

do gap junctions have a low or high resistance pathway for current flow?

A

low resistance pathway for current flow

46
Q

what allows for the fast spread of electric activity throughout the organ (smooth muscle contraction)

A

gap junctions

47
Q

what are the 5 functions of the basement membrane?

A
  • Structural attachment; flexible and firm
  • Compartmentalization; separation of tissues
  • Filtration, both physical and polyanionic
  • Tissue scaffolding
  • Regulation and signaling (in morphogenesis, development, wound healing)
48
Q

what do exocrine glands do?

A

Secrete via duct or release product directly onto surface of an epithelium

49
Q

what do endocrine glands do?

A

Produce hormones Secrete contents into underlying connective tissue or general circulation

50
Q

what is adenocarcinoma?

A

malignant glandular epithelial cells

51
Q

are goblet cells unicellular or multicellular?

A

unicellular

Ocular Anatomy (15 decks)

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