Lecture 1: Intro to Ocular Anatomy

Question 1

what is the anatomic position?

Answer 1

the human body position from which all anatomical terms are derived

• Head, gaze, and toes facing forward
• Arms relaxed at the side with palms facing forward
• Lower limbs close together with feet parallel

Question 2

what are the 3 anatomical planes?

Answer 2

• sagittal plane
• coronal (frontal)
• transverse (horizontal)

Question 3

what is the difference between mid-sagittal and para-sagittal?

Answer 3

Median Plane (Mid-sagittal Plane)
- Vertical plane passing longitudinally
through body (sagittal plane
through midline)
- Right and left halves

(Para) Sagittal Plane
• Vertical plane parallel to the median
plane
• Right and left sides

Question 4

what does the coronal (frontal) plane divide the body into?

Answer 4

anterior and posterior halves

Question 5

what does the coronal transverse plane divide the body into?

Answer 5

superior and inferior halves

Question 6

Anterior or Ventral: direction?

Answer 6

towards the front

Question 7

Posterior or Dorsal: direction?

Answer 7

towards the back

Question 8

Superior or Cranial: direction?

Answer 8

towards the head

Question 9

Inferior or Caudal: direction?

Answer 9

away from head

Question 10

Medial: direction?

Answer 10

towards midline

Question 11

Lateral: direction?

Answer 11

away from midline

Question 12

Proximal: direction?

Answer 12

near the point of origin

Question 13

Distal: direction?

Answer 13

away from point of origin

Question 14

Outer (external):

Answer 14

farther away from the center of an organ

Question 15

Inner (internal):

Answer 15

nearer the center of an organ

Question 16

Ab-duction:

Answer 16

The movement away from the median plane

Question 17

Ad-duction:

Answer 17

The movement toward the median plane

Question 18

Elevation:

Answer 18

Movement superiorly

Question 19

Depression:

Answer 19

Movement inferiorly

Question 20

Intortion:

Answer 20

Movement inwards towards the midline

Question 21

Extortion:

Answer 21

Movement outwards away from the midline

Question 22

Primary gaze:

Answer 22

the gaze is straight ahead

Question 23

Emmetropia:

Answer 23

parallel light comes to a focus on the retina.

Question 24

Hyperopia:

Answer 24

parallel light comes to a focus behind the retina

Question 25

Myopia

Answer 25

parallel light comes to a focus in front of the retina