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Ocular Anatomy > Lecture 14: Embryology of the Eye > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Embryology of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Growth factors bind to

A

receptor sites on target cells

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2
Q

receptor sites on target cells control what

A

normal development by modulating proliferation, migration, and
differentiation

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3
Q

One particular gene that appears to be important in the

development of ocular structures is the

A

Pax-6 gene

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4
Q

3rd week of embryonic development: three primary germ layers have formed the embryonic plate

A
  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm
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5
Q

what layers will take part in the developing ocular

structures

A

Only ectoderm and mesoderm

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6
Q

Ectoderm

A

outer layer

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7
Q

mesoderm

A

middle layer

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8
Q

endoderm

A

inner layer (NOT INVOLVED)

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9
Q

what layer thickens to form neural plate

A

ectoderm

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10
Q

Neural Plate gives rise to

A

CNS and eye

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11
Q

Longitudinal groove in neural plate

A

neural groove

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12
Q

Lateral edges of neural groove are brought closer

together and are called

A

nural folds

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13
Q

Neural folds fuse to give

A

neural tube (ectoderm)

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14
Q

Neural tube surrounded by

A

mesoderm

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15
Q

Mesoderm covered dorsally by surface

A

ectoderm (surface and neural)

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16
Q

As neural folds move towards one another

A

neural crest cells differentiate

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17
Q

NCs take up a position in mesoderm between

A

neural tube and surface ectoderm

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18
Q

Mesenchyme =

A

collective term that includes both neural crest cells + mesoderm

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19
Q

As neural tube is closing

A

optic pits form on both sides of forebrain

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20
Q

Optic pits form a

A

diverticulum

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21
Q

diverticulum extend laterally from forebrain and are called

A

optic vessels

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22
Q

– For a brief time the optic vesicles are in contact with the

A

surface ectoderm

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23
Q

Soon neural crest cells situate themselves in

A

mesoderm between the optic

vesicle and surface ectoderm

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24
Q

What happens if inferior optic fissure does not zip

completely?

A
  • Uveal Coloboma with Optic
    Nerve involvement
  • Iris Coloboma “Key Hole
    Pupil”
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25
Q

Coloboma

A

Incomplete closure of the optic fissure may affect
the developing optic cup or stalk, resulting in an
inferior nasal defect in the optic disc, retina, ciliary
body, or iris.

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26
Q

coloboma and can vary from

a slight notch to a

A

large wedge like defect.

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27
Q

Colobomas affecting the sensory retina and RPE

also involve

A

the choroid because its differentiation

depends on an intact RPE layer

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28
Q

optic cup resembles a

A

sphere that has collapsed onto itself

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29
Q

how many layers is the optic cup composed of

A

2 layers (inner and outer) arranged apex to apex

30
Q

The optic vesicle was in
contact with the surface
ectoderm. It pulls back inducing

A

lens placode to

form

31
Q

Center of the placode

elongates forming

A

lens pit

32
Q

Pit invaginates until

A

forms hollow circular

structure, lens vesicle

33
Q

lens vesicle is composed of how many cell layers? surrounded by?

A

Composed of a single layer of cells surrounded by
a basal lamina (future
lens capsule)

34
Q

lens vesicle takes up position in

A

future vitreous chamber

35
Q

lens vesicle is derived from

A

surface ectoderm

36
Q

Makes sense because
structures derived from
surface ectoderm continuously

A

form throughout life (I.e. skin)

37
Q

All Secondary Lens Fibers are derived from

A

the Anterior Lens Epithelium

38
Q

Six crescent fibers are laid down equidistant in a

A

growth shell

39
Q

Subsequent fibers are laid down and follow the pattern to give rise to an

A

Anterior upright Y-suture and a Posterior Inverted Y-suture.

40
Q

The spectrum of lens opacities that can result from problems during lens development range from

A

pinpoint densities having no effect on vision to

significant opacities causing extensive loss of vision

41
Q

If the tissue near the developing lens fails to induce the lens fibers to elongate
and pack together in an orderly way,

A

the lens fibers will be misaligned, forming a

cataract of the primary fibers.

42
Q

Hyaloid Vasculature gives rise to

A

Central Retinal Artery and Vein

43
Q

Hyaloid Vasculature may leave its mark on the

A

lens and optic nerve (Bergmeister’s papilla and Mittendorf’s dot)

44
Q

Choroid is induced by RPE to form

A

from Mesenchyme

45
Q

As the optic cup grows, the vitreous cavity is filled with

A

fibrillar material that
is secreted by embryonic retina, lens,
and hyaloid vasculature which is referred to as primary vitreous

46
Q

Cup increases in size, secondary vitreous develops from

A

retina and degenerating

hyaloid = secondary vitreous (what we now have).

47
Q

Secondary vitreous

pushes primary vitreous

A

anteriorly

48
Q

Funnel-shaped tube remnant of

A

hyaloid vasculature. (Cloquet’s canal is left in the middle)

49
Q

Optic Stalk is

A

the precursor

50
Q

Inferior optic fissure invaginates forming a

A

two-layered stalk

51
Q

Outer layer gives

rise to

A

neuralglial sheath that

surrounds optic nerve.

52
Q

The inner layer of the optic nerve is destroyed by

A

apoptosis to make way

for axons of the retinal ganglion cells.

53
Q

RPE forms from

A

outer layer of optic cup

54
Q

what layer is the first layer of the retina to differentiate

A

RPE

55
Q

what is the first visible pigmentation in the embryo!

A

RPE

56
Q

Apex faces

A

retina

57
Q

basal surface faces

A

Bruch’s membrane.

58
Q

retina forms

A

inner layer of optic cup

59
Q

Photoreceptors continue to develop

A

well after birth to increase resolution and sensitivity of the visual system

60
Q

Macula first develops as an area of

A

increased ganglion cell density lateral to the optic disc

61
Q

Inner retinal elements become displaced as

A

cones increase packing density

62
Q

Henle’s layer (PR inner fibers) develops

A

obliqueness in fovea

63
Q

what is the last portion of retina to fully develop

A

fovea

64
Q

Lens vesicle induces the formation

A

cornea

65
Q

Corneal epithelium is derived from the

A

surface ectoderm.

66
Q

Stroma from

A

mesenchyme

67
Q

Corneal endothelium from

A

neural crest cells

68
Q

Sclera and EOMs originate from

A

MESENCHYME outside the optic cup

69
Q

Sclera will envelop the developing

A

choroid

70
Q

Connective tissue fibers will pass through the

scleral foramen and optic nerve fibers to form the

A

lamina cribrosa.

Ocular Anatomy (15 decks)

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