Lecture 3- Health Inequalities

Question 1

What are the macro-social influences on health?

Answer 1

culture
historical legacies
organised religion

Question 2

What are the social detriments to health?

Answer 2

where ppl are born, grow up, live, work, and systems put in place to deal with illness

Question 3

What is neoliberalism?

Answer 3

1) political ideology involving reducing state oversight and control
2) individuals and markets will interact to optimise personal wellbeing

Question 4

How will neoliberalism negatively effect the economy?

Answer 4

1) increase income inequality
2) poverty
3) Health inequalities

Question 5

What does Healthism suggest? (Crawford 1980, 2006)

Answer 5

1) health is a moral good
2) Individuals must maximize their health
3) illness is the fault of the individual

Question 6

What are micro-social influences on health?

Answer 6

1) factors specific to the individual

Question 7

What is the role of psychologist for health?

Answer 7

Working through social change and social justice
2) build resilience and facilitate behaviour change with awareness
3) listen

Question 8

What is Stigma?

Answer 8

a mark or label signifying membership of devalued group

Question 9

What is prejudice?

Answer 9

negative attitudes and beliefs towards devalued group

Question 10

What is discrimination?

Answer 10

unequal treatment based on membership of a group

Question 11

How does stigma linked to socioeconomic status?

Answer 11

unequal access to:
1) Money, knowledge, power
2) education, quality
3)Employment, opportunities, and wages
4) housing
5) Health care

Question 12

How stigma linked with social isolation?

Answer 12

1) associated with high social isolation
2) low health outcomes
3) fear of rejection
4) social support allows better health outcomes

Question 13

What are the Psychological and behavioural responses to stigma?

Answer 13

10 ow psychological resources
2) maladaptive behavioural responses (Avoidant coping styles)
3) self- stigmatization

Question 14

Types of stress

Answer 14

Biological
Economic
Social

Question 15

What are the effects of social stress?

Answer 15

1) negative impact on health = perceived as racial discrimination, increased risk of coronary events, breast cancer
2) stress response associated with hypertension, heart disease

Question 16

What is micro-aggression?

Answer 16

targets minority groups
more about structural societal inequality

Question 17

What is a hostile environment?

Answer 17

1) Overt prejudice and discrimination
2)feared stigma= increases arousal, hypervigilance, and anxiety
3) increases the risk of hypertension and heart disease

Question 18

What is the stigma about weight?

Answer 18

negative

Question 19

What is internalised weighted stigma?

Answer 19

1) Self-directed anti fat

Question 20

How does internalised weighted stigma affect health?

Answer 20

1) decrease in mental and physical health
2) effects on eating behaviour
3) avoidance of exercise and self-isolation

Question 21

What do physicians think about fat people?

Answer 21

1) strong anti-fat bias
2) little discipline
3) little desire to help

Question 22

What do nurses think of fat people?

Answer 22

1) Lazy, lack will power
2) 31 prefer not to cre
30 24% repulsed
3) 12% prefer not to touch patient

Question 23

How does being fat affect health care access?

Answer 23

1) Increase experienced and internalised weight stigma
2) increased feeling of shame
3) health care avoidant- later diagnosis and treatment

Question 24

How does being fat affect treatment?

Answer 24

obese patients do not receive the correct dosage of chemo