Lecture 3- Health Inequalities Flashcards
What are the macro-social influences on health?
culture
historical legacies
organised religion
What social factors affects an individuals health?
where ppl are born, grow up, live, work, and systems put in place to deal with illness
What is neoliberalism?
1) political ideology involving reducing state oversight and control
2) individuals and markets will interact to optimise personal wellbeing
How will neoliberalism negatively effect the economy?
1) increase income inequality
2) poverty
3) Health inequalities
What does Healthism suggest? (Crawford 1980, 2006)
1) health is a moral good
2) Individuals must maximize their health
3) illness is the fault of the individual
What are micro-social influences on health?
1) factors specific to the individual
What is the role of psychologist for health?
Working through social change and social justice
2) build resilience and facilitate behaviour change with awareness
3) listen
What is Stigma?
a mark or label signifying membership of devalued group
What is prejudice?
negative attitudes and beliefs towards devalued group
What is discrimination?
unequal treatment based on membership of a group
How does stigma linked to socioeconomic status?
unequal access to:
1) Money, knowledge, power
2) education, quality
3)Employment, opportunities, and wages
4) housing
5) Health care
How stigma linked with social isolation?
1) associated with high social isolation
2) low health outcomes
3) fear of rejection
4) social support allows better health outcomes
What are the Psychological and behavioural responses to stigma?
1) low psychological resources
2) maladaptive behavioural responses (Avoidant coping styles)
3) self- stigmatization
Types of stress
Biological
Economic
Social
What are the effects of social stress?
1) negative impact on health = perceived as racial discrimination, increased risk of coronary events, breast cancer
2) stress response associated with hypertension, heart disease
What is micro-aggression?
targets minority groups
more about structural societal inequality
What is a hostile environment?
1) Overt prejudice and discrimination
2) anticipated feared stigma= increases arousal, hypervigilance, and anxiety
3) increases the risk of hypertension and heart disease
What is the stigma about weight?
negative
What is internalised weighted stigma?
1) Self-directed anti fat attitudes
How does internalised weighted stigma affect health?
1) decrease in mental and physical health
2) effects on eating behaviour
3) avoidance of exercise and self-isolation
What do physicians think about fat people?
1) strong anti-fat bias
2) little discipline
3) little desire to help
What do nurses think of fat people?
1) Lazy, lack will power
2) 31 prefer not to cre
30 24% repulsed
3) 12% prefer not to touch patient
How does being fat affect health care access?
1) Increase experienced and internalised weight stigma
2) increased feeling of shame
3) health care avoidant- later diagnosis and treatment
How does being fat affect treatment?
obese patients do not receive the correct dosage of chemo
