lecture 3 - head & neck 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the atypical vertebrae of the cervical spine?

A

C1 (atlas), C2 (axis)

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2
Q

What differentiates C7 from the rest of the cervical vertebrae?

A

The spinous process is long, and not bifid

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3
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

Occipital condyles with superior articular facet of atlas

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4
Q

What head movement does the atlanto-occipital joint allow?

A

Nodding (flexion)

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5
Q

What head movement does the atlanto-axial joint allow?

A

Moving head from side to side

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6
Q

Where does the cruciform ligament attach?

A

Occipital bone superiorly and C2 body inferiorly

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7
Q

What ligaments extend from the dens to the foramen magnum at the atalanto-axial joint and prevent excess rotation of the head?

A

Alar ligaments

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8
Q

At what spinal levels is the thyroid gland?

A

C5-T1

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9
Q

What are the 3 key parts of the thyroid?

A

2 lateral lobes, joined by isthmus

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10
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

Posterior to the lobes of the thyroid

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11
Q

What are the arteries that supply the thyroid?

A

Superior thyroid, inferior thyroid

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12
Q

What is the inferior thyroid artery a branch of?

A

The thyrocervical trunk - coming off the subclavian artery

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13
Q

Which veins drain the thyroid?

A

Superior thyroid, middle thyroid, inferior thyroid

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14
Q

Where do the superior and middle thyroid veins drain?

A

The internal jugular vein

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15
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

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16
Q

What spinal nerves form the phrenic nerve?

A

C3, C4, C5, though C4 is major

17
Q

What does the phrenic nerve supply?

A

Diaphragm motor/sensory, pleura, pericardium

18
Q

What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?

A

The pharyngeal wall, soft palate

19
Q

What are the tributaries of the internal jugular vein?

A

Sigmoid sinus, facial vein, lingual vein, pharyngeal vein, superior & middle thyroid veins

20
Q

What is the name of the potential space between the back of the pharynx and in front of the vertebral bodies?

A

The retropharyngeal space

21
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate?

A

vagus nerve

22
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

A

3 constrictors (superior, middle, inferior), 3 inner pharyngeus (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus)

23
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A

tensor veli palati, levator veli palati, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, uvula muscles

24
Q

What is the function of tensor veli palatini?

A

Tenses soft palate, opens auditory tube

25
Q

What is the function of levator veli palatini?

A

Elevates soft palate

26
Q

What is the function of the palatoglossus muscle?

A

Pulls the tongue up and constricts the oropharyngeal isthmus

27
Q

What is the function of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

A

Elevates the larynx & pharynx, or depress the soft palate