lecture 3 - head & neck 3 Flashcards
What are the atypical vertebrae of the cervical spine?
C1 (atlas), C2 (axis)
What differentiates C7 from the rest of the cervical vertebrae?
The spinous process is long, and not bifid
What are the articular surfaces of the atlanto-occipital joint?
Occipital condyles with superior articular facet of atlas
What head movement does the atlanto-occipital joint allow?
Nodding (flexion)
What head movement does the atlanto-axial joint allow?
Moving head from side to side
Where does the cruciform ligament attach?
Occipital bone superiorly and C2 body inferiorly
What ligaments extend from the dens to the foramen magnum at the atalanto-axial joint and prevent excess rotation of the head?
Alar ligaments
At what spinal levels is the thyroid gland?
C5-T1
What are the 3 key parts of the thyroid?
2 lateral lobes, joined by isthmus
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
Posterior to the lobes of the thyroid
What are the arteries that supply the thyroid?
Superior thyroid, inferior thyroid
What is the inferior thyroid artery a branch of?
The thyrocervical trunk - coming off the subclavian artery
Which veins drain the thyroid?
Superior thyroid, middle thyroid, inferior thyroid
Where do the superior and middle thyroid veins drain?
The internal jugular vein
Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain?
Brachiocephalic vein
What spinal nerves form the phrenic nerve?
C3, C4, C5, though C4 is major
What does the phrenic nerve supply?
Diaphragm motor/sensory, pleura, pericardium
What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?
The pharyngeal wall, soft palate
What are the tributaries of the internal jugular vein?
Sigmoid sinus, facial vein, lingual vein, pharyngeal vein, superior & middle thyroid veins
What is the name of the potential space between the back of the pharynx and in front of the vertebral bodies?
The retropharyngeal space
What nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate?
vagus nerve
What are the muscles of the pharynx?
3 constrictors (superior, middle, inferior), 3 inner pharyngeus (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus)
What are the muscles of the soft palate?
tensor veli palati, levator veli palati, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, uvula muscles
What is the function of tensor veli palatini?
Tenses soft palate, opens auditory tube
What is the function of levator veli palatini?
Elevates soft palate
What is the function of the palatoglossus muscle?
Pulls the tongue up and constricts the oropharyngeal isthmus
What is the function of the palatopharyngeus muscle?
Elevates the larynx & pharynx, or depress the soft palate
