lecture 3 - head & neck 3

Question 1

What are the atypical vertebrae of the cervical spine?

Answer 1

C1 (atlas), C2 (axis)

Question 2

What differentiates C7 from the rest of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 2

The spinous process is long, and not bifid

Question 3

What are the articular surfaces of the atlanto-occipital joint?

Answer 3

Occipital condyles with superior articular facet of atlas

Question 4

What head movement does the atlanto-occipital joint allow?

Answer 4

Nodding (flexion)

Question 5

What head movement does the atlanto-axial joint allow?

Answer 5

Moving head from side to side

Question 6

Where does the cruciform ligament attach?

Answer 6

Occipital bone superiorly and C2 body inferiorly

Question 7

What ligaments extend from the dens to the foramen magnum at the atalanto-axial joint and prevent excess rotation of the head?

Answer 7

Alar ligaments

Question 8

At what spinal levels is the thyroid gland?

Answer 8

C5-T1

Question 9

What are the 3 key parts of the thyroid?

Answer 9

2 lateral lobes, joined by isthmus

Question 10

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

Answer 10

Posterior to the lobes of the thyroid

Question 11

What are the arteries that supply the thyroid?

Answer 11

Superior thyroid, inferior thyroid

Question 12

What is the inferior thyroid artery a branch of?

Answer 12

The thyrocervical trunk - coming off the subclavian artery

Question 13

Which veins drain the thyroid?

Answer 13

Superior thyroid, middle thyroid, inferior thyroid

Question 14

Where do the superior and middle thyroid veins drain?

Answer 14

The internal jugular vein

Question 15

Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain?

Answer 15

Brachiocephalic vein

Question 16

What spinal nerves form the phrenic nerve?

Answer 16

C3, C4, C5, though C4 is major

Question 17

What does the phrenic nerve supply?

Answer 17

Diaphragm motor/sensory, pleura, pericardium

Question 18

What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?

Answer 18

The pharyngeal wall, soft palate

Question 19

What are the tributaries of the internal jugular vein?

Answer 19

Sigmoid sinus, facial vein, lingual vein, pharyngeal vein, superior & middle thyroid veins

Question 20

What is the name of the potential space between the back of the pharynx and in front of the vertebral bodies?

Answer 20

The retropharyngeal space

Question 21

What nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate?

Answer 21

vagus nerve

Question 22

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 22

3 constrictors (superior, middle, inferior), 3 inner pharyngeus (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus)

Question 23

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

Answer 23

tensor veli palati, levator veli palati, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, uvula muscles

Question 24

What is the function of tensor veli palatini?

Answer 24

Tenses soft palate, opens auditory tube

Question 25

What is the function of levator veli palatini?

Answer 25

Elevates soft palate

Question 26

What is the function of the palatoglossus muscle?

Answer 26

Pulls the tongue up and constricts the oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 27

What is the function of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 27

Elevates the larynx & pharynx, or depress the soft palate