lecture 1 - head & neck 1 Flashcards
What is the name for the area where the frontal, temporal, sphenoid and parietal bones meet?
The pterion
Which vessel lies beneath the pterion?
Middle Meningeal Artery
Which structures exit the skull via the foramina of the cribriform plate?
Olfactory nerve bundles
Which structures exit the skull via the optic canal?
Optic nerve, ophthalmic artery
Which structures exit the skull via the foramen rotundum?
Maxillary nerve (V2)
Which structures exit the skull via the Internal Acoustic Meatus?
Facial nerve, Vestibulocochlear nerve
Which structures exit the skull via the hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal nerve
Which structures exit the skull via the jugular foramen?
Glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus
Which structures exit the skull via the superior orbital fissure?
Oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, ophthalmic nerve branches (lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary)
Which structures exit the skull via the foramen ovale?
mandibular nerve (V3)
Which structures exit the skull via the Foramen Spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery & vein
What is the function of orbicularis oculi?
Closes eyelids
What is the function of orbicularis oris?
Compresses and protrudes lips (whistling/kissing expression)
What is the function of buccinator?
Presses cheek against molar teeth to aid in chewing, and provides tension to the cheeks
What is the function of occipitofrontalis muscle?
Elevates eyebrows/wrinkles forehead
What is the function of platysma?
Depress lower lip, tense skin
Where does the facial nerve pass after leaving the stylomastoid foramen?
Enters the parotid gland
What are the 2 initial branches given off by the facial nerve when it exits the stylomastoid foramen?
Posterior auricular nerve, branhc for digastric and stylohyoid muscles
Which major facial muscle does the parotid gland lie superficial to?
The masseter muscle
Which muscle does the parotid duct penetrate?
Buccinator
Which vein drains the parotid gland?
Retromandibular
What is the major artery that gives of branches that supply the majority of the face?
External carotid artery
Which vein do the majority of the veins of the face drain into?
Internal jugular vein
What are the 8 branches of the external carotid artery, from proximal to distal?
Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal, maxillary
What are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?
Maxillary, superficial temporal
What are some of the distal branches of the facial artery?
Inferior and superior labial arteries, lateral nasal artery, angular artery
Which artery does the ophthalmic artery arise from?
The internal carotid artery
What are the 2 terminal branches of the opthalmic artery?
Supratrochlear, infratrochlear
Where does the facial vein communicate with the opthalmic veins?
The medial canthus and pterygoid plexus
When the ophthalmic veins pass through the superior orbital fissure, where do they drain?
The cavernous sinus
Which muscle does the pterygoid plexus surround?
The lateral pterygoid
How does the pterygoid plexus communicate with the cavernous sinus?
Via emissary veins passing through the foramen ovale
What are the 3 divisions of the ophthalmic nerve?
Frontal, lacrimal, nasociliary
What does the lacrimal nerve supply?
Sensation to the lateral skin & conjunctiva of the upper eyelid (lacrimal gland excretion itself controlled by facial nerve)
What does the frontal nerve of the eye ultimately supply?
The upper eyelid, forehead and scalp, via the supraorbital nerve & supratrochlear nerve
What does the nasociliary nerve supply?
Sensation of eye, skin of dorsum of the nose
Where does the maxillary nerve enter after passing through the foramen rotundum?
The pterygopalatine fossa
What nerve of the maxillary division emerges onto the face?
The infraorbital nerve, via the infraorbital foramen
What does the maxillary nerve supply?
Sensation to lower eyelid, cheek, upper lip
What does the zygomatic nerve supply?
Sensation of the skin over the zygomatic bone
What is the motor supply of the mandibular nerve (V3)?
Muscles of mastication
What are the 2 terminal branches of the mandibular nerve?
Posterior branch, anterior branch
What does the anterior branch of the mandibular nerve supply?
All motor except 1:
muscles of mastication, sensation of cheek skin and vestibular gum (via buccal nerve)
What does the posterior branch of the mandibular nerve supply?
All sensory except 1:
Branches to lower face skin & temporal region, mylohyoid muscle
What nerves are given off by the posterior branch of the mandibular nerve?
auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar, mylohyoid nerve
What does the auriculotemporal nerve supply?
Sensation to skin in the temporal region
What does the buccal nerve supply?
Sensation to cheek
What does the mental nerve supply?
Sensation to chin and lower lip
What spinal nerves make up the cervical plexus?
C1-C4
