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ELM3 - regional clinical anatomy > lecture 1 - head & neck 1 > Flashcards

lecture 1 - head & neck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the area where the frontal, temporal, sphenoid and parietal bones meet?

A

The pterion

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2
Q

Which vessel lies beneath the pterion?

A

Middle Meningeal Artery

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3
Q

Which structures exit the skull via the foramina of the cribriform plate?

A

Olfactory nerve bundles

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4
Q

Which structures exit the skull via the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve, ophthalmic artery

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5
Q

Which structures exit the skull via the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary nerve (V2)

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6
Q

Which structures exit the skull via the Internal Acoustic Meatus?

A

Facial nerve, Vestibulocochlear nerve

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7
Q

Which structures exit the skull via the hypoglossal canal?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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8
Q

Which structures exit the skull via the jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus

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9
Q

Which structures exit the skull via the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, ophthalmic nerve branches (lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary)

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10
Q

Which structures exit the skull via the foramen ovale?

A

mandibular nerve (V3)

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11
Q

Which structures exit the skull via the Foramen Spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery & vein

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12
Q

What is the function of orbicularis oculi?

A

Closes eyelids

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13
Q

What is the function of orbicularis oris?

A

Compresses and protrudes lips (whistling/kissing expression)

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14
Q

What is the function of buccinator?

A

Presses cheek against molar teeth to aid in chewing, and provides tension to the cheeks

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15
Q

What is the function of occipitofrontalis muscle?

A

Elevates eyebrows/wrinkles forehead

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16
Q

What is the function of platysma?

A

Depress lower lip, tense skin

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17
Q

Where does the facial nerve pass after leaving the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Enters the parotid gland

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18
Q

What are the 2 initial branches given off by the facial nerve when it exits the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Posterior auricular nerve, branhc for digastric and stylohyoid muscles

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19
Q

Which major facial muscle does the parotid gland lie superficial to?

A

The masseter muscle

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20
Q

Which muscle does the parotid duct penetrate?

A

Buccinator

21
Q

Which vein drains the parotid gland?

A

Retromandibular

22
Q

What is the major artery that gives of branches that supply the majority of the face?

A

External carotid artery

23
Q

Which vein do the majority of the veins of the face drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein

24
Q

What are the 8 branches of the external carotid artery, from proximal to distal?

A

Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal, maxillary

25
Q

What are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Maxillary, superficial temporal

26
Q

What are some of the distal branches of the facial artery?

A

Inferior and superior labial arteries, lateral nasal artery, angular artery

27
Q

Which artery does the ophthalmic artery arise from?

A

The internal carotid artery

28
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the opthalmic artery?

A

Supratrochlear, infratrochlear

29
Q

Where does the facial vein communicate with the opthalmic veins?

A

The medial canthus and pterygoid plexus

30
Q

When the ophthalmic veins pass through the superior orbital fissure, where do they drain?

A

The cavernous sinus

31
Q

Which muscle does the pterygoid plexus surround?

A

The lateral pterygoid

32
Q

How does the pterygoid plexus communicate with the cavernous sinus?

A

Via emissary veins passing through the foramen ovale

33
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the ophthalmic nerve?

A

Frontal, lacrimal, nasociliary

34
Q

What does the lacrimal nerve supply?

A

Sensation to the lateral skin & conjunctiva of the upper eyelid (lacrimal gland excretion itself controlled by facial nerve)

35
Q

What does the frontal nerve of the eye ultimately supply?

A

The upper eyelid, forehead and scalp, via the supraorbital nerve & supratrochlear nerve

36
Q

What does the nasociliary nerve supply?

A

Sensation of eye, skin of dorsum of the nose

37
Q

Where does the maxillary nerve enter after passing through the foramen rotundum?

A

The pterygopalatine fossa

38
Q

What nerve of the maxillary division emerges onto the face?

A

The infraorbital nerve, via the infraorbital foramen

39
Q

What does the maxillary nerve supply?

A

Sensation to lower eyelid, cheek, upper lip

40
Q

What does the zygomatic nerve supply?

A

Sensation of the skin over the zygomatic bone

41
Q

What is the motor supply of the mandibular nerve (V3)?

A

Muscles of mastication

42
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

Posterior branch, anterior branch

43
Q

What does the anterior branch of the mandibular nerve supply?

A

All motor except 1:
muscles of mastication, sensation of cheek skin and vestibular gum (via buccal nerve)

44
Q

What does the posterior branch of the mandibular nerve supply?

A

All sensory except 1:
Branches to lower face skin & temporal region, mylohyoid muscle

45
Q

What nerves are given off by the posterior branch of the mandibular nerve?

A

auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar, mylohyoid nerve

46
Q

What does the auriculotemporal nerve supply?

A

Sensation to skin in the temporal region

47
Q

What does the buccal nerve supply?

A

Sensation to cheek

48
Q

What does the mental nerve supply?

A

Sensation to chin and lower lip

49
Q

What spinal nerves make up the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

ELM3 - regional clinical anatomy (8 decks)

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