Lecture 3- Efficacy of diagnostic techniques

Question 1

What is the main limitation of probing

Answer 1

lack of sensitivity and reproducibility

Question 2

The …. of a diagnostic test refers to the probability of the test being positive when the disease is true present

Answer 2

sensitivity

Question 3

The… of a diagnostic test refers to the probability of the test being negative when the disease is not present

Answer 3

specificity

Question 4

Is sensitivity for bacterial culturing high or low?

Answer 4

low, detection limits for selective and nonselective media average 10^4 to 10^5 bacteria

Question 5

For microbiologic testing, what is the gold standard?

Answer 5

bacterial culturing

Question 6

Bacterial culturing assesses for …. of microbes but a limitation is that you can only grow … bacteria so strict sampling and transport conditions are essential

Answer 6

antibiotic susceptibility

live

Question 7

disadvantages of bacterial culturing

Answer 7

expensive

need experienced personnel

time consuming

sophisticated equipment

Question 8

direct and indirect immunofluorescent microscopic assay are able to identify pathogens using a … … and it is used to detect mainly … and …

Answer 8

plaque smear

Aa and Pg

Question 9

Does direct and indirect immunofluorescent microscopic assay require the bacterial cells to be viable?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

which test can be used chairside to detect Aa, Pg and Pi?

Answer 10

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Question 11

PCR has high …. and … for the identification of target pathogens and it has a low …. limit but is unable to quantify pathogens accurately in clinical samples

Answer 11

sensitivity and specificity

detection

Question 12

most common source to assess host response?

Answer 12

gingival crevicular fluid

saliva is 2nd most common

Question 13

paper strip to collect GCF is placed within crevice for …

Answer 13

30 seconds

Question 14

GCF volume can be quantified by..

Answer 14

Periotron

Question 15

There are currently more than … components of GCF that have been evaluated

Answer 15

65

Question 16

host derived enzymes can be … or …

Answer 16

intracellular

extracellular

Question 17

Intracellular destruction enzymes from the host are possible markers of…. released from dead or dying … from the periodontium

Answer 17

periodontal destruction

PMNs/neutrophils

Question 18

What are the 4 intracellular destruction enzymes that are seen

Answer 18

aspartate amino-transferase

alkaline phosphatase

B-glucuronidase

Elastase

Question 19

…. is released during tissue destruction

Answer 19

aspartate amino-transferase

Question 20

… is a membrane-bound glycoprotein involved in maintenance of alveolar bone

Answer 20

alkaline phosphatase

Question 21

… is a lysosomal enzyme that degrades proteoglycans and ground substance

Answer 21

B-glucuronidase

Question 22

… is a proteolytic enzyme found in lysosomal granules of neutrophil

Answer 22

elastase

Question 23

extracellular destruction enzymes are associated with the activity of …

Answer 23

matrix metalloproteinases

Question 24

… can be detected chair side with Periogard Periodontal tissue monitors, but it is not able to discriminate bewtween sites with severe inflammation with or without attachment loss

Answer 24

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

Question 25

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is higher in the GCF in … than … sites

Answer 25

diseased

healthy

Question 26

… is elevated in GCF from sites with severe periodontal disease, it has a high sensitivity and specificity when related to occurence of clinical attachment loss

Answer 26

B-glucuronidase

Question 27

… can be tested for chairside with Periocheck and it has a positive correlation (if its in GCF) with clinical attachment loss

Answer 27

Elastase

Question 28

The ECM of the periodontium is mostly composed if … , … and ,,,

Answer 28

collagen
proteoglycan
non-collagen proteins

Question 29

elevated levels of … can be seen in collagen breakdown

Answer 29

hydroxyproline

Question 30

tissue … reflects increased oxygen consumption that occurs with persistent inflammation

Answer 30

hypoxia