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exammm1 > Lecture 3 - DNA and Genetic Code > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - DNA and Genetic Code Flashcards

1
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

Made of nucleotide subunits

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2
Q

What is the function of nucleic acids?

A

Function in cell is to make proteins including RNA and DNA

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3
Q

What are the three sub units that make up a nucleotide

A

Phosphate
Nucleotide
Nitrogen- Containing base

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4
Q

What is the difference between DNA and RNA molecules?

A

DNA has deoxyribose as it’s sugar (just H)

RNA has ribose sugar(OH)

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5
Q

What are the bases in DNA

A

Adenine (double ringed purines)
Guanine (Double ringed)
Cytosine (single ringed pyrimidines)
Thymine

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6
Q

What are the bases in RNA?

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil

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7
Q

How are polynucleotides formed?

A

Condensation Reaction which creates a bond between sugar and phosphate groups
this results in a phosphate “backbone”

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8
Q

What are the structural differences of DNA and RNA

A

DNA is double stranded

RNA is single stranded

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9
Q

What are the base pairings?

A

A and T

C and G

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10
Q

Why is DNA double stranded?

A

Makes it more stable and is less easily degraded

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11
Q

What is semi-conservative replication?

A

Preserves the genetic code

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12
Q

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

A

Unzips the DNA structure and is a catalyst for it

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13
Q

What is the purpose of DNA?

A

Store information, or code that is required to make polypeptides (proteins)

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14
Q

What is the role of mRNA

A

Messenger RNA that helps translate the genetic code into the sequence of amino acids

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15
Q

How does protein synthesis occur?

A

Transcription in which mRNA is created from DNA

then Translation in which mRNA is translated into a protein

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16
Q

What is a codon?

A

Create 64 possible sequences

17
Q

What is the process of transcription

A

Makes mRNA.
This process is catalysed with RNA polymerase
A with U
C with G

18
Q

How does translation occur?

A

Site is at ribosome usually at RER

  1. mRNA molecule binds with the ribosome
  2. tRNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes (two can enter at a time)
  3. Bonding occurs between adjacent amino acids from the polypeptide bond
  4. tRNA released into cytoplasm an will bind with another amino acid
19
Q

What is the purpose of anti-codons on tRNA molecules and codons on mRNA?

A

Order in which tRNA molecules is determined by codon sequence

exammm1 (9 decks)

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