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exammm1 > Lecture 2 - Protein Structure > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Protein Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is a protein?

A

A subunit called amino acids

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2
Q

How many essential amino acids are there?

A

20

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3
Q

What is the purpose of proteins?

A

Important for diverse functions in the body which include hormones, enzymes, structure and transport

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4
Q

How can a protein lose it’s function?

A

Denature which leads it’s shape to change

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5
Q

What are the three groups for Amino Acids?

A

Acid Group, Amino Group, R Group

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6
Q

What is condensation?

A

Removal of water which joins an Amino Acid together

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7
Q

What is hydrolysis

A

Addition of h2o which removes a dipeptide bond

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8
Q

What is the purpose of Primary Structure?

A

Linear order of amino acids

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9
Q

What is the purpose of Secondary Structure?

A

Localized folding into pleated sheets and helices

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10
Q

What is the purpose of Tertiary structure

A

The 3D shape of the entire protein in space

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11
Q

What is the function of Quaternary structure?

A

Combination of more than one polypeptide bond

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12
Q

What bonds are involved in the maintenance of tertiary and Quaternary structures

A
  1. Hydrogen bonds
  2. Hydrophobic interactions
  3. Polypeptide backbone
  4. Disulfide bridge
  5. Ionic Bond
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13
Q

What decides if an Amino Acid can fold?

A

The sequence and properties of amino acids

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14
Q

What is a protein structure?

A

Supports the position of the active site

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15
Q

What is the binding site?

A

Bind and orients substrate(s)

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16
Q

What is the Catalytic site?

A

Reduces chemical activation energy

17
Q

How does extreme heat cause a loss of function?

A

Denatures the protein causes its to shape function.

18
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A variant that causes disease

19
Q

What is a Variant?

A

A change in sequence

20
Q

What is polymorphism?

A

A variant that does not result in disease

21
Q

How are proteins numbered

A

First amino acid usually an M from N terminal to the end of chain C- terminal

22
Q

How does a mutation cause a disease?

A

Mutation in the genome can result in changes of the protein sequence and therefore alters the structure

23
Q

What are the ways in which Mutations occur?

A 
Wild Type
Deletion
Insertion
Substitution
Nonsense
24
Q

How are protein substitution mutations written?

A 
p.G89R
p= designated protein sequence
G= Original or wild amino acid
R= Replacement amino acid
89= Position
25
Q

How do we write deletion proteins

A 
p.F508del
p= designated protein sequence
F= Original or wild amino acid 
508= Position in Sequence
Del= Deletion, no replacement amino acid
26
Q

How are insertion mutations written?

A

p.K2_L3Q

P= Designates a protein sequence
K= Original or wild amino acid
_ = Position in sequence
L= Replacement amino acid
27
Q

How is Sickle cell aneamia caused?

A

Substitution mutation causes sickle cell aneamia

exammm1 (9 decks)

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