Lecture 3: Development of CNS-Part 2

Question 1

When are the neurons we have as adults generated ?

Answer 1

during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy

Question 2

CNS formation

Answer 2

1.) In G1, the nucleus is near the ventricular surface

2.) During the S stage, the nucleus, and surrounding cytoplasm migrate toward the pial surface, and DNA replicates

3.) During G2, the cell grows and the nucleus migrates toward the lumen again

4.) In the M phase (mitosis), cells lose their connections to the pial surface, divide, and extend new processes toward the pial surface

Question 3

as cells become BLANK, they leave the ventricular zone and migrate to their final positions in the developing brain

Answer 3

postmitotic

Question 4

How and when are these different cell types are determined?

Answer 4

neuronal differentiation is based primarily on local cell-cell interactions followed by distinct histories of transcriptional regulation via a “code” of transcription factors expressed in each cell

Question 5

Neuronal migration follows two strategies

Answer 5

molecular and crawling

Question 6

Neuregulin

Answer 6

specific for migrating cortical neurons

Question 7

cortex is developed in an “inside-out fashion”

Answer 7

bottom to top

Question 8

Folate(B9)

Answer 8

an essential nutrient that is required for DNA replication and as a substrate for a range of enzymatic reactions involved in amino acid synthesis and vitamin metabolism

Question 9

Zinc

Answer 9

a divalent ion that is considered an essential micronutrient. It is a component of over 300 enzymes and its essential for their activity

Question 10

Zinc deficiency

Answer 10

Dwarfism

increased vulnerability to neurological disorders related to attention, learning and memory

Question 11

example of brain anomalies

Answer 11

anencephaly

cephalocele

spinal dysraphism