Lecture 2: Development of the Central Nervous System Part 1 Flashcards
3 major forces that shape brain development
Nature (Genetic Transcription)
Nurture (Sensorimotor experience)
Self Organization (Cell-to-cell interaction)
stem cell
undifferentiated cells from which all cells are generated; maintain the ability to become multiple cell types. Self-renewing
precursor cells
cells committed to becoming a certain cell type that has lost full potency/ability to become any cell type
cellular differentiation
the process by which cells change from one cell type to another
Induction
process by which one group of cells instructs the development of another group of cells
steps of CNS Development
1.) Establishment of the primordial nervous system in the embryo
2.) Generation of neurons from undifferentiated precursor cells.
3.) The formation of the major brain regions
4.) The migration of neurons from sites of generation to their final positions
Inside the blastocysts there are 2 layers:
epiblast and hypoblast
gastrulation
process that results in the formation of 3 distinct germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
when does gastrulation start
18 days (2 and 3rd week of pregnancy)
neurulation
physical folding process where there is the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube
BLANK cells differentiate into neural precursor cells to form the BLANK
Neuroectodermal
neural plate
the progenitor cells of the neural tube are known as BLANK that will give rise to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendroglial cells
neural precursor cells
inductive signaling
the ability of a cell or tissue to influence the fate of nearby cells during the development by the synthesis and secretion of chemical signals
During gastrulation, BMPs are what?
secreted by ectodermal cells to promote epidermal tissue and suppress neural differentiation
diffusible signaling proteins (follistatin, noggin, chordin) that block the action of BMPS are……..
released from the notochord, promoting neural differentiation. The neural plate is formed.
