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401 Injury Management > Lecture 3 - Conditions of the Foot > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Conditions of the Foot Flashcards

1
Q

We gather a lot of information stress testing»>

A

Athlete’s ability to move

  • Range of motion (ROM)
  • Athlete’s pain
  • Athlete’s strength
  • Instability
  • Pt. tenderness/crepitus
  • Functional capabilities
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2
Q

Function testing is done in 3 ways:

A 
Active 
-Passive ROM’s
-Resisted
ACTIVE always comes first!
Then PROM or RROM? Depends on the structure..
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3
Q

Active functional testing:

A

Active testing is done by the athlete.

  • Observe quality and quantity of movement attained.
  • Note the most painful ranges and do them last
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4
Q

Passive functional testing

A

Passive testing is done by the care-giver.
-Passive testing is intended to test the inert (non-contractile)
tissues of the patient.
-This is best done with the athlete relaxed, and supported.
-Note pain-free ROM, guarding, laxity, etc..

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5
Q

Passive functional testing end feels:

A

-End feel is the sensation examiner gets when joints reaches
its end ROM

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6
Q

Passive functional testing end feels:
Normal: _______
Abnormal: ______

A

– bone on bone, soft tissue approximation, tissue
stretch

–Muscle spasm, capsular, bone on bone, empty,
springy block.

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7
Q

Resisted functional testing

A

Resisted testing involves both the examiner and the athlete.

  • Involves an isometric muscle contraction w/ joint neutral.
  • Strength is then evaluated on a scale of 1-5
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8
Q

Active ROM will gather

A

basic info about athlete’s abilities

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9
Q

Passive ROM stresses inert

A

(non contractile) tissues.

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10
Q

Resisted ROM stresses

A

active (contractile) tissues.

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11
Q

When force is applied to tissues, the amount of deformation will
depend on the tissue’s material properties.
-Greater _____, the less likely deformation will be seen
-Greater_____, the more likely deformation will be seen
(and may return to original shape)

A

stiffness

elasticity

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12
Q

The load deformation curve shows

A

stiffness, peak load at

failure, and energy absorbed by tissue

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13
Q

Many factors affect the tissue ability to absorb force

  • Direction of Force: _______
  • Stress: _____________
A

Tension, Compression, Shear, Torsion

Force divided by the surface area it is applied through.

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14
Q

Ligament Sprains: 1st Degree

A
  • Microscopic stretching of fibers, few torn,
  • Some pain and point tenderness
  • No loss of structural stability
  • No loss of function
  • *Tape and return in 2-3 days**
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15
Q

Ligament Sprains: 2nd Degree

A
  • Significant tearing of fibers.
  • Significant pain, especially with stretching.
  • Significant structural weakening or instability.
  • Moderate swelling with slow onset discolouration.
  • Loss of function (PWB, NWB)
  • *Support on return, 2-6 weeks**
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16
Q

Ligament Sprains: 3rd Degree

A
  • Complete tearing of fibers.
  • May present with severe, or no pain at all.
  • Loss of structural stability, empty end feel.
  • Severe swelling, discolouration.
  • Full loss of function.

Surgical intervention, bracing, 3months-1year

17
Q

Contusions disrupt muscle tissue, and this causes bleeding within
the muscle called a

A

hematoma

18
Q

Hematoma’s must be treated to avoid ______

A

further complications.

19
Q

Myositis Ossificans

A

Ossification of tissues within the muscle belly.
-Can result in a palpable lump.
-Primarily caused by untreated contusions, and repeated injury
before a previous contusion is healed.
-May also be cause by too aggressive treatment inflamm..

20
Q 
Pes Planus/Cavus is 
-
-
-
-
A
  • Flat footed or high arches.
  • Congenital and also affected by muscles and ligaments
  • Affected by and affects the knee!
  • Treated with appropriate footwear, foot exercises
21
Q

Plantar Fasciitis
(__% of population affected)
-Intrinsic factors:
-Extrinsic factors:

A

i: High arch, no arch, rigid foot, decrease strength.
e: Footwear, training habits, training surfaces.

22
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

-S/S:

A

Point tender/medial side of calc.

  • Localized pain.
  • Stiff in the AM or w/ no activity.
  • Unable to walk on toes.
  • Pain ↑ with toe extension.
23
Q

Treatment

A 
PIER
-Stretch achilles
-Adjust training and footwear
-Tape, or orthotics. 
-Address weaknesses. 
-Soft tissue work in AM (tennis 
ball or massage
24
Q

Turf Toe is..

A

Sprain of the 1st MTP joint capsule/plantar plate.

-Caused by hyper-extension of 1st toe.

25
Q

Turf Toe

-S/S:

A
  • Swelling in 1st toe
  • Pain with running, ext of toe
  • May have ↓ function in flexion
26
Q

turf toe treatment:

A 
PEIR
-Out 1-3 weeks (sometimes 
more) 
-Full healing can take 3-6 
months)
-Tape
27
Q

Bursitis treatment

A
  • Rest, Ice (NO pressure)
  • Adjust footwear
  • Donut pad may be applicable
28
Q

Bursitis is caused by ____

A

retro calcaneal pressure, or excessive inversion/eversion.

29
Q

what kind of people are prone to bursitis?

A

High arch people are more prone

30
Q

What causes hammer toe?

A

May be congenital or due to wearing shoes that are too small.

31
Q

Hammer toe

is ____ of the ____ joint , ____ of PIP, and ____/neutral DIP

A

Extension
MTP
Flexion
Extension

32
Q

How do you fix hammer toe

A

Must adjust footwear or sometimes surgical intervention

33
Q

Claw toe is ____ of the ____ joint. ____ of PIP and ____ of DIP

A

hyper extension
MTP
flexion
flexion

34
Q

what is claw toe caused by ?

A

caused by shoes or tendon contractures

35
Q

What us Hallux Valgus??

A

-Pressure on medial aspect of 1st MTP joint can cause thickening of
capsule and bursa (bunion) that forces toe laterally.

36
Q

What causes a talus fracture ?

A

Caused by a severe twist or impact with another object

37
Q

What is the cause of a calcaneus fracture??

A

caused by a fall of jump from a height

38
Q

How to treat a foot fracture ?

A

PIER & Immobilize
-Refer for immediate follow up.
-Cast/immobilize for 6-8 weeks.
-Tape where appropriate when returning to sport.
-Encourage appropriate rehab when possible to minimize disuse
2ndary complications.

39
Q

What causes a jones fracture??

A

Plantar flexion w/ forceful inversion.

401 Injury Management (6 decks)

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