Lecture #3 (Chemistry) Flashcards
Matter
occupies space & has mass
-solid (bone), liquid (water), gases (o2, co2)
Elements
CAN’T be broken down & is made up of atoms
- Human body weight is made up of : Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon
Atoms
Composed of subatomic particles
- protons (+) in the nucleus
- electrons (-) in the orbitals
- neutrons (neutral) in the nucleus
Rules of Chemistry
- elements are neutral. # of protons = #e
- to be stable an atom must have a full outermost orbital
- opposites attract
- likes dissolve likes
Ionic Bonds:
transfer of 1 or more electrons creating ions
~ions are atoms w/a charge
Electrolytes:
Transfer currents which helps in running things that are charged (impulses to run the brain)
-electrolyte ex: sodium ion, chloride ions, potassium ions, calcium ions
Covalent Bond:
Sharing of electrons
Non polar covalent bonds
Equal sharing of electrons, no charge on the
ex: fats, oils, O2, CO2 = non polar
Polar Covalent Bond
Unequal sharing of electrons which creates poles
(+) and (-) ends to the molecules
Water Loss = ?
- what can cause water loss
Electrolyte loss
-vomiting, diarrhea, blood loss = dizziness, loss of balance, slow mental process
Factors that Affect Rate of a Chemical Reaction
- Concentration of Reactants
> O2 = > ATP OR < O2 = < ATP - Temperature, normal body temp 98.6 F
< temp = < ATP - Particle Size
small particles = move faster + collide more frequently - Presence of Enzymes/Catalyst
Metabolism :
: sum total of chemical reactions
-COLLISIONS (chemicals collide/combine) are needed to be effective
Aerobic Cellular Respiration:
Glucose + O2 –> CO2 + H2O + ATP
Enzymes
Proteins that increase rate of reaction
- are pH and temp sensitive
—-if temp is too high or pH changes = Denature (change the shape of the enzyme)
pH
Level of acidity/alkalinity
0 = acidic, battery acid
7 = neutral, water
14 = alkaline basic
