Lecture #1

Question 1

What is anatomy ?

Answer 1

Identification (naming and dissection)

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

function of the body –> homeostasis

Question 3

What is homeostasis?

Answer 3

Maintaining internal balance (steady state)

Question 4

Common Vital Signs :

Answer 4

• Heart rate 60-80 bpm
• Respiratory rate 12-18 breathes/min
• Body temp. 96-99.2
• Blood glucose 70-110 mg/dl

Question 5

Negative Feedback Loop

components:

Answer 5

Control Unit (regulating) >
Sensor/Effector >
Receptor ^

Question 6

Negative Feedback Loop

Stimulus –> receptor –> input –> output –> response

Answer 6

Homeostasis is maintained by neg, feedback
ex: temp receptors - (hot from running) –> hypothalamus - (cold) –>blood vessels dilate –> cool down

Question 7

Blood Glucose Negative Feedback :

Answer 7

BG is maintained by the pancreas (regulatiing unit) >
> ate some carbs/after eating = increase in BG levels >
> pancreas detects BG levels
> pancreas secretes insulin (decrease glucose) > insulin uptakes gluc. by cells >
> decrease BG levels

Question 8

Hyperglycemia aka Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 8

Blood glucose @ 280-330 mg/dl
-happens when the body has too little insulin

Question 9

Organization of the Body #1

Answer 9

1. Chemical Level ( h2o, protiens, carbs, fat)

Question 10

Organization of the Body #2

Answer 10

2. Cellular Level
   (cells & smallest living unit)

Question 11

Organization of the body #3

Answer 11

3. Tissue
   (group of cells (2 or more) working together –> histology)

Question 12

Organization of the body #4

Answer 12

4. Major tissue
   (epithelial, muscle, connective, nervous tissue)

• Organs : 2 or more tissues working together
  ex: heart (muscle + nervous + connective)

Question 13

Organization of the body #5

Answer 13

5. System levels
   (2 more organs working together to perform functions)
   - 11 systems

ex: Cardiovascular
(cardiology –> heart + vessels –> pump blood to the body)

Question 14

Bodily Systems : Cardiovascular

Answer 14

• Dept of Cardiology
• Made up of the heart + vessels
• Function pump blood through the body

Question 15

Bodily Systems : Integumentary

Answer 15

• Dept of Dermatology
• Made up of skin + glands (sweat glands)
• Function is protection + temp regulation, vita. D synthesis,
  sensation

Question 16

Bodily Systems : Skeletal

Answer 16

• Dept of Orthopedics
• Made up of bones +joints
• Function support, protect, store calcium

Question 17

Bodily Systems : Muscular

Answer 17

• Dept of Myology
• Made up of Bicep brachii etc
• Function movement + heat

Question 18

Bodily Systems : Digestive

Answer 18

• Dept of Gastroenterology
• Made up of stomach + S/L intestines, gall bladder,
  esophagus
• Function ingestion, digestion, absorption, eliminate waste

Question 19

Bodily Systems : Lymphatic/Immune

Answer 19

• Dept of Immunology
• Made up of lymphatic ducts, spleen, thymus
• Function fight pathogens, destroy bacteria

Question 20

Bodily Systems : Urinary

Answer 20

• Dept of Urology
• Made up of kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra, ureters
• Function regulate blood volume + composition of blood

Question 21

Bodily Systems : Respiratory

Answer 21

• Dept of Pulmonology
• Made up of trachea, lungs, larynx
• Function gas exchange, vocalization

Question 22

Bodily Systems : Reproductive

Answer 22

• Dept of F/Glynecology M/Urology
• Made up of
• Function F/production of eggs + baby
  M/production of sperm

Question 23

Bodily Systems : Endocrine System
“Primary Controller”

Answer 23

• Dept of Endocrinology
• Made up of pancreas, thyroid gland, adrenals
• Function regulates homeostasis, reproduction, glucose levels

Question 24

Bodily Systems : Nervous System
“Primary Controller too”

Answer 24

• Dept of Neurology
• Made up of the brain, spinal cord, nerves
• Function homeostasis, muscle control