Lecture 3/Chapter 11 Flashcards
1
Q
Underserved population
A
- certain groups at greater risk of poor physical, psychological, or social health
- underserved
- medically underserved
- medically disadvantaged
- underprivileged
- American underclasses
2
Q
population groups
A
- racial and ethnic minorities
- uninsured children
- women
- rural area
- residents
- homeless population
- mentally and chronically ill
- disabled
- HIV/AIDS
3
Q
vulnerability
A
- challenged populations
- predisposing conditions can make you vulnerable
- something inherent that you cant fix (ex. genetic disorders)
- enabling vulnerability - people surrounding you or the system
- need characteristics
4
Q
three vulnerable model characteristics
A
- comprehensive
- general
- covergence
5
Q
racial/ethnic minorities: asian americans
A
- in 2015, asians account for only 5.6% of the US population
- asian americans constitute one of the fastest growing US population segments
6
Q
racial/ethnic minorities: american indians and alaska natives
A
- incidence and prevalence of certain diseases in the AIAN population are a prime concern
- higher death rates from alcoholism, tuberculosis, diabetes, injuries, suicide, and homicide
- indian health care improvement act
- indian health service
7
Q
uninsured
A
- ethnic minorities are more likely than whites to lack health insurance -> bc of employment, poverty
- most of the uninsured population comprises young workers -> they are healthy
- uninsured persons are in poorer health than the general population
- ACA made progress in reducing the uninsured
- 11% of children are uninsured
- 46 million are uninsured
8
Q
children
A
- health insurance is a major determinant of access to and utilization of health care
- coverage rates vary across races and ethnicities
- unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death for children and adolescents
- asthma is a common childhood chronic disease
- depression has an impact on adolescent development
- childrens health has certain unique aspects -> developmental vulnerability and dependency (bones)
9
Q
children and the US health care system
A
- programs categorized into 3 sectors:
- personal medical and preventive services sector (primary and specialty care)
- population based community health services (immunization, abuse prevention, rehab, case management, referrals)
- health related support services (nutrition, rehab, family support)
10
Q
women
A
- office on womens health -> specific goals that span the spectrum of disease and disability
- women and the US health care system are at a disadvantage in obtaining employer based health insurance
- the leading provider of care in the nursing profession is women -> also in allopathic and osteopathic medicine, dentistry, optometry, and podiatry
- women in the US live 8 years longer than men, but suffer greater morbidity and have poorer health outcomes
- heart disease and stroke- account for a higher percentage of deaths among women than men at all stages of life: 42% of women with heart attack die within the year but only 24% of men do
- 38% of women have chronic conditions
11
Q
rural health
A
- national health service corps
- health professional shortage in areas
- health professions educational assistant act
- 3 types of HPSAs by geographic areas, population groups, and medical facilities
12
Q
rural health: medically underserved areas
A
- percentage of population below poverty income levels
- percentage of population 65 years of age and older
- infant mortality rates
- number of primary care practitioners per 1,000 population*
13
Q
migrant workers
A
- community and migrant health centers
- rural health clinics act
14
Q
rural health clinics act
A
- concern rural areas could not support a physician
- permitted PAs, NPs, and CNMs with rural clinics to practice without the direct supervision of a physician
- enabled rural health clinics to be reimbursed by medicare and medicaid
15
Q
homeless
A
- approximately 1 in 200 people become homeless in 2011
- adult population is 63% men and 37% women
- estimated 22.8% are children under age 18
- 35.8% are families with children
- 14% are veterans
- shortage of adequate low income housing
- barriers to health-> barrier to ambulatory (outpatient, transportation) services and high hospitalization rates