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Pharmacology > Lecture 3: Cardiopulmonary > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Cardiopulmonary Flashcards

0
Q

What type of patient should you avoid prescribing thiazides (diuretic)?

A

Patients with poor renal function

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1
Q

Which type of BP drugs have an effect of potassium depletion which can lead to cramping and arrhythmia?

A

Diuretics: Thiazides (-imides)

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2
Q

What is another BP drug besides thiazides that can result in potassium depletion?

A

Loop diuretics

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3
Q

What are the three major side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

Cough- 30% of patients
Angioedema - swelling of face > airway closes
Hypotension

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4
Q

When are ACE inhibitors used?

A

Used for CHF, hypertension and MI

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5
Q

When would you most likely use angiotensin receptor blockers?

A

When patients have side effects with ACE inhibitors.

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6
Q

What are the two type of beta blocker medications?

A

Beta 1 selective and beta 1 non selective

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7
Q

What patients should be cautious when using beta 1 selective medications?

A

Asthmatics and patients with COPD. (Because higher doses will result in the drug acting on other beta receptors which may cause asthma/COPD medications to become less effective)

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8
Q

What type of patients do you want to AVOID prescribing beta-1 nonselective drugs?

A

Avoid in asthma and COPD

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9
Q

What are the two major side effects of beta blockers?

A

Hypotension and bradycardia

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10
Q

What are three side effects of calcium channel blockers (non-dihydropyridine)

A

Hypotension
Bradycardia
Constipation

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11
Q

What is a black box warning of clonidine (catapres) an alpha-2-agonist?

A

Avoid abrupt cessation

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12
Q

What is he most common side effect of nitrates?

A

Severe headache

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13
Q

What is a major side effect of alpha blockers? (-azosin)

A

Orthostatic hypotension

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14
Q

What group of medications are proven to reduce CV events?

A

Statins

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15
Q

What does MONA stand for?

A

Morphine
Oxygen
Nitroglycerin
Aspirin

16
Q

What does Mona therapy do?

A

Tx for acute chest pain

17
Q

What are the drug categories we need to know for this section? (7)

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Beta sympathomimetic antagonists (beta blockers)
  3. Renin angiotensin aldosterone system drugs
  4. Calcium channel blockers
  5. Alpha antagonist
  6. Direct vasodilators
  7. Nitrates
18
Q

What are the 3 diuretics?

A

Thiazides
Loops (mides)
Potassium sparing

19
Q

What are the 2 calcium channel blockers?

A

Dihydropyridine

Non-dihydropyridine

20
Q

What is the 1st choice when it comes to diuretics?

A

Thiazides are the 1st line of defense for hypertension

21
Q

What negative inotrope should be avoided in CHF patients?

A

Non-dihydropyridine (decreases HR and contractility)

22
Q

What type of patients are centrally acting and direct vasodilators helpful in?

A

Patients with resistant hypertension especially with renal/dialysis patients

23
Q

What did the ALLHAT study show with alpha blockers (-azosins)?

A

Increased risk of heart failure when these agents are used alone

24
Q

What is a major side effect if statins?

A

Muscle pain

25
Q

When are statins best taken?

A

In the evening

26
Q

What is a side effect of niacin?

A

Flushing

27
Q

What is a concern when taking bile acid sequestrants?

A

Doses must be separated from other medications because it will bind them too

28
Q

What type of medication type will be given to patients post MI with stent placement?

A

Antiplatelet therapy (plavix)

29
Q

What do rate controlling medications do for patients with end stage CHF? (Digoxin)

A

Only improves symptoms (ie quality of life not quantity of life)

30
Q

What do rate control medications do to the AV node? (Digoxin)

A

Slows conduction

31
Q

What is a major concern with digoxin?

A

Very toxic (arrhythmia, nausea, altered mental status, visual disturbance)

32
Q

What are the major issues with antirhythm drugs (amiodarone)?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis
Thyroid disease
Cataracts

33
Q

What is the CHADS2 score when it comes to stroke prevention in afib?

A
  1. CHF
  2. hypertension
  3. Age greater than 75
  4. Diabetes
  5. Past Hx of stroke or TIA
34
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic. Which electrolyte is of particular concern with it’s use that can lead to cramping and arrhythmias.

A

Potassium (K+)

35
Q

What is the class of diuretic is first line treatment for hypertension?

A

Thiazides

36
Q

The class lipid lowering medication is the only cholesterol treatment that has demonstrated decreased cardiovascular events.

A

Statins

37
Q

After percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the placement of a stent, patients are placed in a combination of anti platelet medications. What are the potential combinations that the patient can be placed on.

A

Clopidogrel (plavix), prasugrel (effient), ticagrelor (brilinta)

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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