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Biosci 102 Plant structure and function > Lecture 3: Body basics; Ground tissue > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Body basics; Ground tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What does the epidermis control?

A
  • water loss
  • gas exchange
  • leaf temperature
  • invading organisms
  • compound exchange
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2
Q

What are the 4 components of the epidermis

A

cuticle
epidermal cells
stomata and subsidiary cells
trichomes

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3
Q

What are the 3 ground tissues called?

A

parenchyma
collenchyma
sclerenchyma

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4
Q

What is the function of parenchyma

A

photosynthesis
storage
secretion
respiration

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5
Q

What is the function of collenchyma

A

support young growing organs

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6
Q

What is the function of sclerenchyma

A

strengthen and support plant parts no longer elongating

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of parenchyma?

A
  • most common cell type found in all organs
  • thin walled
  • vacuolated
  • living cells (up to maturity)
  • polyhedral shape
  • elongated or branched
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8
Q

true or false; parenchyma cells are very specialized eg. companion cells and albuminous cells in vasculature

A

true

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9
Q

What are companion cells and albuminous cells active in?

A

phloem exchange

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10
Q

true or false; parenchyma has air spaces? Why?

A

true; aquatic plants uses it for floatation eg. water lily or roots that are water logged

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11
Q

How does the intercellular space arise between parenchyma cells?

A

by splitting or rupturing

  • by splitting middle lamella
  • or rupturing of cell
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12
Q

true or false; the parenchyma cells dictate the apple crispiness

A

true

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13
Q

What are the parenchyma cell inclusions

A
  • chlorenchyma (chloroplasts); leaves, stems
  • tannins (cell vacuole); grapes
  • protein & lipid bodies; soybeans
  • red anthocyanin pigments in vacuole (strawberry)
  • aerenchyma
  • mucilage and/ or crystals in idioblasts
  • wall ingrowth in TRANSFER CELL for transport
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14
Q

What are the two types of parenchyma

A

palisade parenchyma

spongy parenchyma

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15
Q

true or false; parenchyma retain the ability to divide at maturity

A

true

  • important for regeneration after wounding
  • adventitious rooting of cuttings
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16
Q

Describe collenchyma

  • shape of cell
  • thickness
  • where is it found
  • what is contained in its walls
A
  • elongated living cells
  • unevenly thickened primary cell walls
  • found in stems; leaves; flowers; fruits; roots
  • usually beneath epidermis in discrete strands (eg. celery) or continuous layers
  • walls contain alternating layers of pectin + cellulose
17
Q

Describe sclerenchyma

A
  • dead cells with lignified secondary cell walls
  • mature cells cannot elongate
  • provides structural support
18
Q

What are the two types of sclerenchyma

A

fibre

sclereids

19
Q

Describe fibres

  • shape
  • magnitude of strength
  • purpose of lignin
  • do monocots have the strongest fibers
  • what is organized into
A
  • long, narrow cells with pointed tips eg. hemp cells up to 5.5 cm long
  • extremely strong
  • depends on lignin content
  • monocots have the hardest fibres
  • usually in bundles or a cylinder especially near xylem
20
Q

What are the commercial uses of fibers

A

textile fibers (soft): cotton, hemp
Cordage fibers: agave (sisal), NZ flax
brush fibers (hard): palm, sorghun
paper: hemp, papyrus, mulberry, pine

21
Q

What is the quality of paper determined by?

A

fiber size
lignin content
cellulose orientation

22
Q

What does lignin reinforce

A

strength

23
Q

What does cellulose provide

A

hydrophilicity, bonding

24
Q

What does fibre length provide?

A

intertwining

25
Q

What is Hemp - Cannabis sativa?

A

textile fibre that doesn’t secrete THC

26
Q

What can Hemp provide?

A
  • clothing
  • paper
  • building materials
  • fuel
  • cosmetics
  • beverage
  • food
  • cleaners
  • paint products
27
Q

What can be harvested from Hemp

A

seed
seed oil
fibers
seed meal

28
Q

true or false; does hemp makes you high?

A

false; but it can give you a headache

29
Q

What do you call coconut fibers

A

coir

30
Q

What are sclereids

A
  • extremely variable in shape
  • hard cell walls
  • often pitted
    eg. gritty texture of pears and feijoa
    walnut seed coat
  • occurs singly or in aggregates throughout ground tissue
31
Q

what type of cell do we mainly eat?

A

parenchyma

32
Q

What kind of cells are mostly in capsicum

A

parenchyma; chlorenchyma

33
Q

What kind of cells are mostly in pumpkin

A

parenchyma; filled with carotene pigments

34
Q

What are bean cells filled of?

A

parenchyma cells filled with starch

35
Q

true or false; parenchyma cells initiate adventitious roots on stem cuttings

A

true

36
Q

definition of totipotent

A

capable of giving rise to any cell type

37
Q

true or false; parenchyma cells are totipotent

A

true

Biosci 102 Plant structure and function (9 decks)

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