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Biosci 102 Plant structure and function > Lecture 1: Body Parts of Plants > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Body Parts of Plants Flashcards

1
Q

true or false; the organization of cells, tissues, and organs in plants determine the texture, and digestibility of the parts we eat

A

true

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2
Q

Define development

A

the sum of events that progressively elaborate the body of an organism

  • occurs in response to the instructions contained in the genetic information that an organism inherits from its parents
  • the sum of total events that progressively forms an organisms body
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3
Q

define cell

A

fundamental autonomous unit of a plant (study of plant cells: anatomy)

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4
Q

define tissue

A

group of cells of similar type working in a co-ordinated manner towards a common function

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5
Q

What are the two types of tissues?

A

complex and simple

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6
Q

what is a complex tissue

A

made up of 2 or more types of cells

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7
Q

What is a simple tissue

A

made up of one cell

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8
Q

give an example of a complex tissue

A

xylem, phloem, epidermis, periderm

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9
Q

give an example of a simple tissue

A

parenchyma, scelerenchyma, collenchyma

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10
Q

what do you call the study of plant tissues

A

histology

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11
Q

what do you call the study of plant cells

A

anatomy

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12
Q

what do you call the study of plant organs

A

morphology

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13
Q

define organ

A

a functional unit composed of different tissues

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14
Q

What are the stages of development

A

growth
differentiation
morphology

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15
Q

define meristem

A

embryonic regions or populations of cells that retain the potential to divide long after embryogenesisis over

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16
Q

Define apical meristem

A

are found at the tips of all roots and stems are involved primarily with extension of the plant body

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17
Q

Define growth

A

irreversible increase in size (most growth is brought about by cell enlargement)

  • sometimes can just increase the cell number bu t not the volume
  • cell division
  • cell elongation
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18
Q

define differentiation

A

specialization of cells and tissues for particular functions

  • depends on the control of gene expression
  • occurs while cell is still constantly enlarging
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19
Q

define morphogenesis

A

production of new organs; the acquisition of a particular shape or form

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20
Q

What are the 6 types of cells

A 
epidermal
parenchyma
collenchyma
scelerenchyma
seive tube elements
tube elements
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21
Q

true or false; the final type of cell is determined by its final position in the developing organ

A

true

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22
Q

What does the apical meristem give rise to ?

A

to the primary meristems; which gives rise to the tissues and tissue systems of the primary body

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23
Q

What does primary growth mean?

A

involves the extension of the plant body and formation of the primary tissues

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24
Q

What are the 3 types of tissues

A

dermal
ground
vascular

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25
Q

Define dermal

A

peripheral covering on all parts of the plant

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26
Q

define ground

  • parenchyma
  • collenchyma
  • scelerenchyma
A

the body of a plant

  • pith: centre of stem or root
  • cortex: outer layers of stem or root
  • mesophyll: leaf tissue
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27
Q

What is the most common ground tissue?

A

parenchyma

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28
Q

what ground tissue is found on leaves

A

mesophyll

29
Q

what ground tissue is found on the stems

A

pith and cortex

30
Q

what ground tissue are found on roots

A

cortex

31
Q

true or false; the epidermis represents the dermal tissue

A

true; epidermis is a single tissue; protective covering of a primary plant body

32
Q

define vascular tissue

A

conducting tissue

  • xylem: water, minerals
  • phloem: sugars and signaling molecules
33
Q

When are the 3 tissue systems initiated

A

during development of embryo

34
Q

what are the parts of the shoot system (6)

A 
terminal bud
stem
node
internode
axillary bud
leaf
35
Q

define terminal bud

A

a.k.a apical bud

shoot apical meristem

36
Q

define stem

A

the central axis, which bears buds, leaves and flowers composed of repeating modules
(node+internode+leaf+axillary bud)

37
Q

define node

A

point of attachment of leaf

38
Q

define internode

A

portion of stem between nodes

39
Q

define axillary bud

A 
condensed shoot(s) in joint between leaf and stem 
- may grow out into side shoots (lateral shoot)
40
Q

define leaf

A

chief photosynthetic organs; comprising of stipules (protect young leaves), petiole (leaf stalk), lamina (leaf blade; light harvesting unit)

41
Q

What is the root system comprised of

A

tap root
adventitious roots
fibrous roots

42
Q

define tap root

A

primary root formed from the radicle. Usually branches to form lateral roots

  • one main vertical root
  • generally penetrate deeply; well adapted to deep soils
43
Q

define adventitious roots

A

arise from an unusual position eg. rooted cuttings

each root forms its own lateral root

44
Q

define fibrous root

A

mat of strong, thin, adventitious roots from the base of monocot stems

  • does not penetrate deeply
  • best adapted to shallow soils or regions where rain fall is light
45
Q

What are root hairs

A

main function is absorption

- root hairs: increase surface area of root; then, tubular extensions of root epidermal cell

46
Q

What are the primary meristems

A

procambium – xylem, phloem
protoderm —- epidermis
ground meristem — ground tissues

47
Q

What does the vascular cambium develop into

A

wood

48
Q

what does the cork cambium develop into

A

bark

49
Q

What are the structural modifications of stems

A 
tendrils
stolons
rhizome
bulb
tuber
corm
50
Q

What is a tendril

A

stem or leaf

51
Q

what is a stolon

A

horizontal stem of leaf modified as a thin structure coiling on soil surface

52
Q

what is a rhizome

A

horizontal underground stem eg. ginger

53
Q

what is tuber

A

swollen tip
of underground stem
functions as a storage organ eg. jerusalem artichoke, potato

54
Q

what is a bulb

A

short underground stem surrounded by fleshy leaves eg. onions

55
Q

what is corm

A

short, vertical undeground stem eg. gladiolus

56
Q

what is a cladode

A

flattened shoot which resembles and functions like a leaf eg. cactus

57
Q

what does celery represent

A

expanded petiole

58
Q

what does cabbage represent

A

unexpanded shoot; leaves are tightly folded around shoot apex

59
Q

what does beet represent

A

swollen storage root

60
Q

what does potato represent

A

tuber

61
Q

what does asparagus represent

A

young unexpanded shoots

62
Q

what does onions represent

A

bulbs

63
Q

what does rhubarb represent

A

petiole

64
Q

what does pumpkin represent

A

fruit

65
Q

what does broccoli represent

A

inflorescence

66
Q

what does brussel sprouts represent

A

axillary buds

67
Q

What are the organs

A

shoot sytem

root system

68
Q

what are the meristems

A 
shoot apical meristem
root apical meristem 
protoderm
ground meristem 
procambium
cork cambium
vascular cambium

Biosci 102 Plant structure and function (9 decks)

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