Lecture 3- Biomolecules Flashcards
is there one kind of bond between different atoms and molecules
no there is different types of bonds or attraction forces between atoms and/or molecules
what are strong molecular bonds
covalent bonds
what are week molecular bonds
hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds
van der waals forces
hydrophobic interactions
why is water liquid
because O is more electronegative then H
so because water is a polar molecule
why are lipids not soluble
because they are non polar
what makes water a polar molecule
the slightly + charge at the end of each H end and slightly - at the end of each O
what is the most electronegative atom in the biological system
O
H2O is the only common substance in the natural environment that exists…
in all three of the physical states of mater on earth
ie.. solid liquid and gas
what is the pH of water
neuteral 7
a very small fraction of water dissociates into…
H+ and OH-
in pure water the conc. of H+ and OH- ions are…
equal
what are some thing in the human body that have a lower ph (less then 7)
stomach acid
lysosomes
why are somethings in the body not have neutral pHs
because some things have enzymes that function at different pHs
what is condensation/dehydration sysntesis
a chemical reaction in which two molecules are combined to form a single molecule with the loss of a water molecule
what is condensation/dehydration synthesis important for
the formation of bonds between amino acids, monosaccarides, nucleotides, and lipids
what kind of bonds bond amino acids
peptide
what kind of bonds bond monosaccarides
glycosidic
what kind of bonds bond nucleotides
phosphodiester
what is sucrose
table sugar
where is fructose found
fruit
where is maltose found
in beer
what is a alpha-glucose bond
An alpha-glycosidic bond is formed when both carbons have the same stereochemistry
what is beta-glucose bonds
beta-glycosidic bond occurs when the two carbons have different stereochemistry
what are the two types of bonds that carbohydrates can make
alpha glucose and beta glucose
what is a starch structure
polysaccharide made up of 1,4 linkages between glucose monomers. making linear chains
what are 1-6 linkages
they are the linkages between branching
what is a glycogen structure
composed of two major bonds, which are alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds - these bonds give rise to linear chains and branching
what plant carbohydrate can we and can we not digest
we can digest starch but not cellulose
who can digest cellulose
Ruminants
what is glycogen
the equivalent of animal starch. used for animal energy
who are fatty acids made up
a carboxylic acid with a long chain of hydrocarbons
what do most naturally occurring fatty acids have in there chain
an unbranched chain
how many carbons do fatty acids have on there chains
always an even number of carbons and range from 4 to 28
what is a amphipathic molecule
a compound that both loves water (hydrophilic) and fat (lipophilic)
how are amphipathic molecules constructed. what is an example of these molecules
they include organic compounds containing hydrophilic groups at both ends
e.g. soap, detergents, lipoproteins
what are proteins primary structures
amino acid chain
what are proteins secondary structures
alpha-helix and beta-sheet
what is a proteins tertiary structure
protein folding
