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Biology 120 > Lab quiz 1 > Flashcards

Lab quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three general rules of the microscope

A

-do not remove any parts of microscope
-clean lends daily with provided paper
-do not touch the glass surface with fingers

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2
Q

how do you calculate the actual size of cell or microscopic organism

A

diameter os feild of veiw of selected object/# of times the cell or organism can fit across the field of view

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3
Q

what structures do all living things have in them

A

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA and ribosomes

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4
Q

what are light micro scopes good for

A

looking at fresh material or prepared slides.
whole or parts of living organisms are often observed using conventional light micospoes

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5
Q

what are some weaknesses of the light microscope

A

some organisms are transparents and have little contrast. stains of special light microscopes with different optical arrangements could fix this

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6
Q

how does florescent microscopes work

A

they absorb one particular wave length and emit some of that absorbed light at another wavelength

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7
Q

what are some naturally occurring florescent molecules

A

chlorophyll and lignin in plant cells

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8
Q

what are florecent dyes or antibodydye complexes used for

A

to lable spicific molecules e.g. proteins, DNA, or organells within the cell

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9
Q

in florescent microscopy how are the florescence displayed

A

on a black background

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10
Q

how does confocal laser scanning microscopy work

A

it involves focusing a laser light source onto a very thin plane within a naturally fluorescent specimen or one treated with comercial florescent dyes

laser scanned scaned speciman emit flouorecence that is detected in digital form and a thin, detailed optical section is constructed by the microscopes computer

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11
Q

what is confocal laser scanning good for

A

it is used to examine specimans that are too thick to be examined with fluorescence mirosopy

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12
Q

what kind of microscopy can be constructed into a 3D image

A

confocal laser scanning microscopy

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13
Q

what are some light microscopes

A

fluorescence microscopy
confocal laser scanning microscopy

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14
Q

how do electron microscopes work

A

they work similarly to light microscopes, except the image is produced by a beam of high velocity electrons instead of a beam of light

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15
Q

what is electron microscopy good for

A

they are good for looking at very small objects, such as the internal structure of a cell

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16
Q

what has greater resolution power? light or electron microscopes

A

electron

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17
Q

how much smaller times things can electron see compared to light microscopes

A

things about 500x smaller then the light microscope can see

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18
Q

what are the two types of electron microscopes

A

transmition electron microscopes (TEM)
scanning electron microscopes (SEM)

19
Q

how does the scanning electron microscopy work

A

a beam of electrons is scanned over the surface of a speciman resulting in a detailed three-dimentinol image of the surface of a speciman

20
Q

what is scanning electron microscopy used for

A

it is used for intact specimens such as insects and pollen grains

21
Q

how does a transmission electron microscopy work

A

a beam of electrons is transmitted through an extremely thin section of specimen

simular to how light passes a slide in conventional light microscopy

22
Q

what are prokaryotes

A

they are often unicellular but some geners may form chains or agggregates

23
Q

what are chains and aggregates called

A

chains are called filaments and aggregates are called colonies

24
Q

what is the central area of a prokaryote called and what does it contain in it

A

its called the nucleoid which contains genes

25
Q

no prokaryotes have organells and nucleous

A

no

26
Q

in addition to there plasma membrane most bacterial cells have…

A

cell walls

27
Q

what is the cell walls of bacteria composed of

A

polysaccarides and amino acids

28
Q

what do many bacterial cells secrete

A

a gelationous outer covering called glycoalyx

29
Q

what does glycoalyx do

A

it traps water and protects the bacterium from desiccation

30
Q

bacterial cells have very thick glyocalyx called

A

capsule

31
Q

what is does the capsule of some bacteria do

A

prevents the bacteria from being destroyed by an animals immune system when ingested or inhailed. or it may help they bacteria to stick to surfaces

32
Q

what is under the capsule of bacteria

A

the cell wall and plasma membrane

33
Q

what is the material within the cell of a bacteria

A

the cytoplasm which contains the ribosomes

34
Q

what are ribosomes

A

the structures that synthesize proteins

35
Q

what is the nucleoid in bacteria

A

it contains the single circular chromosome

36
Q

what is plasmids in bacteria

A

other circular prices of DNA

37
Q

what do eukaryotes range from

A

they range from unicellular (single cell protist) to multicellular organisms (e.g. fungi, plants, and animals). colonial organisms are the intermediate

38
Q

what are colonial

A

they may be composed of a group of structrally and functionally simular cells that adhere toeachother and may comunicate with eachother

39
Q

what do eukaryotes have the prokaryotes do not

A

they have a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles

40
Q

what is the view diameter of the 4x, 10x, and 40x

A

the 4x is 4.40mm
the 10x is 1.75mm
the 40x is .44mm

41
Q

on a microscope where should the iris diaphragm adjustment lever be. what does this open

A

to the left to fully open the diaphram

42
Q

how do you adjust the condencer

A

by holding a pencil over the light source and lowering the condenser assembly (using the condenser adjustment knob on the left) until you have a very sharp shadow

43
Q

how do you maximize resolution of the microscope

A

the iris diaphram adjustment lever should be moved to the right to the point of some loss of light can be detected in the field of view. do this every time you swith objective lenses

Biology 120 (15 decks)

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