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05. Neuro Exam 1 > Lecture 3: Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What type of receptors are α-2 adrenergic receptors?

A

Gi

Decreased cAMP

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2
Q

What are two main classes of adrenergic receptors?

A

α-adrenergic

β-adrenergic

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3
Q

What structures have M3 receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

A

Smooth Muscle Cells: Contraction

Exocrine glands: Secretion

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4
Q

What structures have β-1 adrenergic receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

A

SA Node: Increased HR
Ventricular Muscles: Increased strength of contraction
Salivary Glad: Secretion
Adipose Tissue: Lipolysis

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5
Q

What type of receptors are α-1 adrenergic receptors?

A

Gq

Increased calcium in cell

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6
Q

Which synapse is the same between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

A

Synapse 1 at the ganglion

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7
Q

Where in the brain are autonomic responses processed?

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

What neurotransmitter is released between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons?
What receptor does the post-synaptic cell have for this NT?

A

Acetylcholine

Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors

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9
Q

Where are the two synapses happening?

A

Synapse 1: Ganglion

Synapse 2: End organ (target)

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10
Q

Where can we find cues for the afferent (sensory) neurons?

A 
Visual Cues
Auditory Cues
Baroreceptors (blood pressure)
Chemoreceptors (oxygen levels)
Stretch of smooth muscles
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11
Q

Where is the cell body of post-synaptic neuron?

Where does it terminate?

A

Cell body in ganglion

Terminates at the end organ (target)

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12
Q

What structures have M2 receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

A

Cardiac cells: Slow heart rate

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13
Q

What structures have M1 receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

A

Salivary Glands: Increased secretion

Acid Secreting cells of Stomach: Increased secretion

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14
Q

What NT is released when the pre-synaptic ganglion synapses at the adrenal gland?
Where does the NT bind to?

A

Acetylcholine

Nicotinic Receptors on chromaffin cells

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15
Q

What type of receptors are M1R, M3R, and M5R?

A

Gq Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

-Increase Calcium in cell

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16
Q

How is NT release different between NMJ and varicosities?

A

NMJ: NT released into synaptic cleft and goes directly to receptors on post-synaptic cells

Varicosities: NT released and are diffused until it finds receptors on post-synaptic cells

17
Q

What structures have β-3 adrenergic receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

A

White adipose tissue: lipolysis

Brown adipose tissue: heat production

18
Q

What structures have α-1 adrenergic receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

A

Smooth muscle of blood vessels: contraction
Smooth muscle of urinary and reproductive tract
Liver: glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Adipose Tissue: Lipolysis
Lacrimal Glands: reduced watery secretion
Radial muscle of iris contraction: Dilation of pupil

19
Q

What type of receptors are β-adrenergic receptors?

A

Gs

Increased cAMP

20
Q

What type of receptors are M2R and M4R?

A

Gi Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

-Opens Potassium channels and can hyperpolarize cell

21
Q

In the parasympathetic system, what NT is released from the post-synaptic cell and received by the end target organ?
What receptors does the end target organ have?

A

Acetylcholine

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors

22
Q

What structures have α-2 adrenergic receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

A

GI sphincters: contraction
Pancreas: release glucagon and decrease insulin
Smooth muscle of blood vessels: dilation
Platelets increased

23
Q

What composes the autonomic reflex arc?

A

Afferent (sensory) neuron

α-motor neuron

24
Q

In the sympathetic system, what NT is released from the post-synaptic cell and received by the end target organ?
What receptors does the end target organ have?

A

Norepinephrine (Adrenaline)

Adrenergic Receptors

25
Q

In the ANS, how many neurons are between the CNS and end organ (target)?

A

2 Neurons: Pre-synpatic and Post-synaptic

aka Pre-ganglionic and Post-ganglionic

26
Q

What is the difference between an en passant synapse and regular neural synapses?

A

En passant synapse are located anywhere on the axon while regular neural synapses happen at axon terminal

-Both do the same exact thing, just have different structure

27
Q

Where is the cell body of pre-synaptic neuron?

Where does it terminate?

A

Cell body in CNS

Terminates in a ganglion in periphery

28
Q

What structures have β-2 adrenergic receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

A

Bronchiole smooth muscle: relaxation
GI smooth muscle: relaxation
Relaxation of ciliary muscle: flattens lens (can see distance better)

05. Neuro Exam 1 (26 decks)

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