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05. Neuro Exam 1 > Lecture 13: Development of Orofacial Structures > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Development of Orofacial Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What does the viscerocranium become?

What is its embryological origin?

A

Facial skeleton

Mesenchyme

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2
Q

What does the neurocranium become?

What is its embryological origin?

A

Bones that enclose the brain

Mesenchyme

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3
Q

What bones form from the cartilagenous neurocranium?

A
  1. Occipital Bone
  2. Body of Sphenoid Bone
  3. Ethmoid Bone
  4. Petrous and mastoid parts of Temporal Bone
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4
Q

What bones arise from the membranous neurocranium?

A

Frontal and Parietal Bones

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5
Q

What bone initially begins as part of the viscerocranium and then migrates to become part of neurocranium?

A

Frontal Bone

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6
Q

Male newborn patient presents with a long, narrow, wedge-shaped head.

What is the most likely diagnosis? This most likely results from premature closure of what suture?

A

Scaphocephaly

Sagittal suture

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7
Q

Male infant that has a high, tower-like head may have what disorder? From premature closure of what suture?

A

Brachycephaly

Coronal suture

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8
Q

An infant presenting with a twisted, asymmetric head may have what disorder? Due to premature closure of what suture?

A

Plagiocephaly

Coronal suture

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9
Q

A premature closure of the frontal (metopic) suture may result in what disorder? What bones does this affect?

A

Trigonocephaly

Frontal and Orbital bones

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10
Q

What is the facial primordia?

What makes up the facial primordia?

A

Tissue that surrounds stromodeum (primitive mouth)

  • 2 Maxillary Prominences
  • 2 Mandibular Prominences
  • 1 Frontonasal Prominence
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11
Q

What separates the the facial primordia from the pharyngeal pharynx?

A

Oropharyngeal Membane

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12
Q

In what weeks does facial development occur?

A

Weeks 4-8

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13
Q

How does the mandibular prominece fold?

What can incomplete fusion result in?

A
  1. Oropharyngeal membrane disintegrates
  2. Medial ends of both prominences merge

Incomplete fusion can lead to chin dimple

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14
Q

What does the maxillary prominences give rise to?

A

Upper Lip

Maxilla

Secondary Palate

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15
Q

What pharyngeal arch do the muscles of facial expression come from?

What do they invade into?

A

2nd Pharyngeal Arch

Invade primordial lips and cheeks to give facial expression muscles

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16
Q

What does the frontonasal prominence give rise to?

A

Forehead

Caudal boundary of stomodeum and nose

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17
Q

At the end of the 4th week, what forms on the inferolateral parts of the frontal nasal prominence?

A

Nasal placodes

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18
Q

What is the direct embryonic origin of the philtrum?

A

Fusion of Median Nasal Prominence

19
Q

What seapartes lateral nasal prominence from maxillary prominence?

When do they fuse?

A

Nasolacrimal Groove

Fuses by Week 6

20
Q

How does the auricle develop?

A

Six hillocks surround Pharyngeal Arch 1 and is pushed from the neck to side of the head when the mandible develops

21
Q

What pharyngeal arch do the muscles of mastication arise from?

A

1st Pharyngeal Arch

22
Q

What is the critical period for palatogenesis?

A

Weeks 6-9 (finishes development at 12)

23
Q

What gives rise to the intermaxillary segment?

A

Medial Nasal Prominence

24
Q

What part of the palate does the intermaxillary segment give rise to?

A

Primary palate

25
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the secondary palate?

A

Lateral palatine processes (shelves) from the maxillary prominences

26
Q

How do nasal cavities form?

A
  1. Nasal Placodes (thickened ectoderm) depress and form nasal pits (eventual nostrils)
  2. Primitve oronasal membrane is formed and disintegrates giving nasal sacs
27
Q
A
28
Q

What embryonic structures failed to fuse in cleft lip?

A

Maxillary prominences and median nasal prominences

29
Q

What structures failed to fuse in a cleft palate?

A

Lateral palatine process w/ nasal septum and/or medial palatine process

30
Q

When is the period of development of the nasal septum?

A

Weeks 9-12

31
Q

Merged lateral lingual swellings form what part of the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3

32
Q

What pharyngeal arch does the anterior tongue arise from?

A

1st Pharyngeal Arch

33
Q

What are the contributions of PAs 2,3, and 4 to form the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

PA2 (ventromedial) - Copula

PA 3/4 (ventromedial) - hypopharyngeal eminence

Hypopharyngeal eminence overgrows copula to form posterior 1/3 of tongue

34
Q

What embryological structures do tongue muscles arise from?

A

Myoblasts of occipital myotomes

NOT NCC

35
Q

What is glossoschissis?

A

Bifid tongue (abnormal fusion of lateral lingual swellings)

36
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A

Attachment between tongue and floor of oral cavity is too long and anchors tongue down, limiting movement

37
Q

What is the order of tooth bud formation? In what week?

A

Anterior mandibular => anterior maxillary => posterior

Week 6

38
Q

What cells produce dentin?

A

Odontoblasts from dental papilla cells

39
Q

What cells produce enamel?

A

Ameloblasts from inner enamel epithelium

40
Q

What stage of odontogenesis are inner enamel and outer enamel epithelium formed?

A

Cap stage

41
Q

What stage of odontogenesis are dentin and enamel formed?

A

Bell stage

42
Q

What forms from fusino of the IEE and OEE?

A

Epithelial root sheath => dental root/dental sac

43
Q

What forms the collagen ligament that anchors tooth to bone?

A

Outer cells of the dental sac

44
Q

What cells are responsible for degenerating roots of baby teeth to make room for permanent teeth?

A

Osteoclasts

05. Neuro Exam 1 (26 decks)

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