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05. Neuro Exam 1 > Lecture 1: Triangles of Neck and Larynx (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Triangles of Neck and Larynx (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the carotid artery come of from?

A

Left Side: Arch of Aorta

Right Side: Brachiocephalic Trunk

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2
Q

Where are the roots of the brachial plexus located?

A

Between Anterior and Middle Scalene muscles

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3
Q

What is important about Subclavian Vein?

A

Can insert central lines

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4
Q

What are the contents of the Submental Triangle?

A
  • Submental Lymph Nodes
  • Anterior Jugular Vein
    • from small veins

Yes, there is more on the picture but I am including only what is in her note packet since I am guessing that is what we need to know.

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5
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A
  • Midline of Neck
  • SCM Muscle
  • Lower border of mandible
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6
Q

What innervates the carotid body and sinus?

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Vagus Nerver (CN X)

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7
Q

What can be found inside the occipital triangle?

A
  • Part of External Jugular Vein
  • Posterior Branches of Cervical Plexus
  • Spinal Accessory Nerve
  • Trunks of Brachial Plexus
  • Cervical Lymph Node
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8
Q

What nerve is most likely prone to be damaged in the neck?

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Doesn’t have much protection and is located in investing layer of fascia

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9
Q

What divides the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle (SCM)

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10
Q

Where is the superior end of the esophagus?

A

Boundary of C5/C6

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11
Q

What are the boundaries of the Muscular Triangle?

A
  • Body of Hyoid Muscle
  • Superior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle
  • SCM
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12
Q

Greater Auricular Nerve

  1. What is its nerve roots?
  2. What does this nerve supply?
A
  1. C2 and C3
  2. Supplies skin and sheath over parotid gland, mastoid process, auricle and angle of mandible
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13
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A
  • SCM Muscle
  • Trapezius Muscle
  • Clavicle
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14
Q

What muscles make up the floor of the posterior triangle?

Hint: 6 Muscles

A
  • Semispinalis Capitis Muscle
  • Splenius Capitis Muscle
  • Levator Scapulae Muscle
  • Posterior Scalene Muscle
  • Middle Scalene Muscle
  • Anterior Scalene Muscle
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15
Q

What composes the floor of the Carotid Triangle?

A
  • Thyrohyoid Muscle
  • Hyoglossus Muscle
  • Middle and inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx
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16
Q

What are the boundaries of the Submental Triangle?

A
  • Midline of Neck
  • Anterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
  • Body of Hyoid Bone
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17
Q

Where is the upper margin of thyroid cartilage?

A

Boundary of C3/C4

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18
Q

What nerve is damaged in torticollis?

What is its symptoms?

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve Damage

Head tilts toward damage but face turns away from affected side

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19
Q

What should you be concerned about if you can see the External Jugular Vein?

A

Increased venous pressure due to:

Heart Failure

Obstruction to Superior Vena Cava

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20
Q

What muscles composes the Muscular Triangle?

A

Infrahyoid Muscles

  • Sternothyroid Muscles
  • Sternohyoid Muscles
  • Thyrohyoid Muscles
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21
Q

What composes the floor of the Submandibular Triangle?

A
  • Mylohyoid
  • Hyoglossus
  • Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
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22
Q

In the posterior triangle, what is the floor covered by?

A

Prevertebral layer of deep fascia

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23
Q

What is another name for the posterior triangle?

A

Lateral Cervical Region

24
Q

What are the two triangles found in the posterior triangle?

What muscle devides the two?

A

Occipital Triangle and Subclavian Triangle

Separated by Inferior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle

25
Q

What can be found inside the omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle?

A
  • 3rd part of Subclavian Artery
  • Part of Subclavian Vein
  • Suprascapular Artery
  • Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes
26
Q

Where can you find body of hyoid bone?

A

Vertebral Level of C3

27
Q

What arteries can you find in the posterior triangle?

A

Subclavian Artery

Part 1:

  • Vertebral Artery
  • Inferior Thoracic Artery
  • Thyrocervical Trunk
    • Inferior Thyroid Artery
    • Transverse Cervical Artery
      • Superificial
      • Deep (can be Dorsal Scapular)
    • Suprascapular Artery

Part 2:

  • Costocervical Trunk
    • Deep Cervical Artery
    • Supreme Intercostal Artery

Part 3:

  • Dorsal Scapular Artery
28
Q

Transverse Cervical Nerve

  1. What is its nerve roots?
  2. What does this nerve supply?
A
  1. C2 and C3
  2. Supplies skin of anterior cervical region
29
Q

What two veins combine at a spot where the lymphatics drain?

What vein does it form?

A

Internal Jugular Vein and Subclavian Vein form Brachiocephalic Vein

  • Right Side: Right Lymphatic Duct*
  • Left Side: Thoracic Duct*
30
Q

What does the Suprascapular Artery run across of?

A

Passes inferolaterally across the anterior scalene muscle and phrenic nerve

*Runs with Suprascapular Nerve

*Branch of Thyrocervical Trunk

31
Q

Where is the superior end of the trachea?

A

Right below cricoid cartilage, Boundary of C5/C6

32
Q

What is the point that cutaneous branches of cervical plexus emerge called?

Where do you find it?

A

Erb’s Point or Nerve point of the neck

Found in middle of the posterior SCM

33
Q

Where is the ansa cervicalis?

Where is it going to?

A

In Fascia of Carotid Sheath

Going to Infrahyoid Muscles

34
Q

What are the boundaries of the Submandibular Triangle?

A
  • Anterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
  • Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
  • Inferior Border of Mandible
35
Q

What do the suprahyoid muscles do?

Which muscles are considered as suprahyoid?

A

Elevate Hyoid and Larynx

  • Mylohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric (anterior and posterior bellies)
  • Geniohyoid (not seen)
36
Q

What two veins make up the External Jugular Vein?

What is the vein anterior of?

A

Posterior Auricular Vein and Retromandibular Vein

Anterior to the SCM Muscle

37
Q

What two muscles does the Spinal Accessory Nerve innervate?

A

SCM

Trapezius Muscle

38
Q

Supraclavicular Nerve

  1. What is its nerve roots?
  2. What does this nerve supply?
A
  1. C3 and C4
  2. Supplies skin over the clavicle and over the shoulder
39
Q

Where does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery take place?

A

Boundary of C3/C4

40
Q

What are the boundaries of the Carotid Triangle?

A
  • Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
  • Superior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle
  • SCM
41
Q

What are the contents of the Submandibular Triangle?

A
  • Submandibular Gland
    • Submandibular Lymph Nodes
  • Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
    • On Hyoglossus Muscle
  • Nerve to Mylohyoid Muscle
  • Parts of Facial Artery and Vein

Yes, there is more on the picture but I am including only what is in her note packet since I am guessing that is what we need to know.

42
Q

What important structures are in the carotid sheath laterally to medially?

What structure do you find on top of it?

A

Carotid Sheath

  • Internal Jugular Vein (anterior and lateral)
  • Vagus Nerve (posterior)
  • Common Carotid Artery (anterior and medial)

Ansa Cervicalis is found on top

43
Q

Where is the arch of cricoid cartilage?

A

Vertebral Level of C6

44
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  • Superior Thyroid Artery
  • Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
  • Lingual Artery
  • Facial Artery
  • Occipital Artery
  • Posterior Auricular Artery
  • Maxillary Artery (located in the face)
  • Superficial Temporal Artery (located in the face)

Some Antomists Love Freaking Out Poor Med Students!

45
Q

What composes the floor of the Submental Triangle?

A
  • Mylohyoid Muscles
46
Q

What does the internal and external braches of the superior laryngeal nerve do?

A

Internal: Sensory to Larynx

External: Motor to cricothyroid

47
Q

What are the contents of the Carotid Triangle?

A

Carotid Sheath

  • Common and Internal Carotid Arteries
  • Internal Jugular Vein
  • Vagus Nerve
  • Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
  • Carotid Sinus Nerve
  • Sympathetic nerve fibers

Arteries

  • Branches of External Carotid Artery

Nerves

  • Internal and External Laryngeal Nerves
  • Hypoglossal Nerve
  • Spinal Accessory Nerve
  • Ansa Cervicalis
48
Q

What does the Phrenic Nerve innervate?

Where is it located?

A

Innervates Diaphragm: C3, 4, 5 Keeps the Diaphragm Alive

Anterior to Anterior Scalene Muscle

Deep to Cartoid Sheath Structures

49
Q

Lesser Occipital Nerve

  1. What is its nerve roots?
  2. What does this nerve supply?
A
  1. C2
  2. Supplies skin of neck and scalp posterior to auricle
50
Q

What does the carotid body do?

Where is it located?

A

Has chemoreceptors to sense oxygen levels

Located in the middle of the bifurcation of external and internal carotid arteries inside carotid sinus

51
Q

What does the Transverse Cervical Artery run across of?

A

Runs superficially and laterally across the phrenic nerve and anterior scalene muscle

*Branch of Thyrocervical Trunk

52
Q

What are the contents of the Muscular Triangle?

A

Viscera

  • Thyroid gland and Parathyroid glands
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Esophagus

Arteries

  • Common Carotid Artery
  • Superior Thyroid Artery
  • Inferior Thyroid Artery

Veins

  • Anterior Jugular Vein
  • Thyroid veins (superior, middle, inferior)

Nerves

  • Ansa Cervicalis
  • External Laryngeal
  • Recurrent Laryngeal
53
Q

What does the carotid sinus do?

Where is it located?

A

Has baroreceptors to sense blood pressure

Swelling of proximal part of internal carotid artery

54
Q

What do the infrahyoid muscles do?

Which muscles are considered as infrahyoid?

A

Depress Hyoid and Larynx

  • Sternohyoid
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Thyrohyoid
55
Q

On which side of the body will you find the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

Right Side

56
Q

What are the four nerves of the cervical plexus that provide cutaneous sensation?

A
  1. Lesser Occipital Nerve
  2. Greater Auricular Nerve
  3. Transverse Cervical Nerve
  4. Supraclavicular Nerve

05. Neuro Exam 1 (26 decks)

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