Lecture 3 Flashcards
Modernity
refers to the historical period with shifts in economic and social structures brought on by the industrialization, the economic class system, and capitalism
What is capitalism?
Economic system of private owned businesses competing in open market for profit and ownership of means of production (ex. factory)
supply and demand, Consumption daily routine
exchange of labor for fixed wage
Characteristics of classical and late modernity (3 needed)
- Urban Culture: cities grew, farm to city… expansion of businesses (ex. restaurants, bars, music halls, inns created jobs)
- Industrialization, science, innovation, progress: Industrial Revolution (1760-1840), new tech and machines (textiles and steam engine), new way of producing metal, glass, and cement, railroads, gas lighting, street cars, factories, indoor plumbing
- Secularism (not belonging to religion)
- Universal Answers: positions that everyone could agree on
- Colonialism: acquiring control over another country and exploiting people and resources.
- Negative western view of Non-Western Cultures (ex. Spain coming to america, The Congo Free State)
Communism
- political, social, economic system where gov. controls land, property, and businesses. 2. Everyone equal and no social/economic class (Karl Marx)
The Communist Manifesto
basis for ideology of communism, equal obligation for work, free education, all factories and banks owned by government
Marx’s Alienation of the Worker
workers make a lot of things in a short amount of time and immediately taken away. Work belongs to someone else (ex. Chaplin in Modern Times, factory scene and feeding machine). Children workers, labor laws, companies outsourcing to avoid (apple)
Railroad flat
Tenement housing near factories, strung together eliminating need for hallways
World expositions
celebrated modern tech and colonial conquest (Europe and North America) (ex. London in 1851 in the Crystal Palace) (ex. Selfridges department store, 100 departments opened in London 1909)
The Skyscraper
Tall masonry/glass building supported by steel frame
used steel
Passenger elevator (1857) made it feasible
Chrysler building tallest in 1930
Late Modernity (1860s-1970s)
few decades after invention of photography and ended before digital era
Bauhaus
1918-1933, progressive art school in Weimar, Germany (affordable and practical furniture and house wear) ex. Marcel Breuer chair “Mid-century modern”
Surveillance Gaze
In modernity, techniques used by institutions to discipline subjects. Internalize and normalize
Panopticon
concentric building composed of a ring of cells- guard tower in middle. Never confirm or deny presence (ex. Modern Times- Charlie chaplin and the screen in the bathroom) (ex. time square and mobile)
The other
In western text, western subject is seen as savior bringing progress/development to Middle East (ex. missionary to isolated island)
Orientalism
ways West represents Asia and middle east in stereotypes w/ colonialist attitude (ex. 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition poster, The Bath, tv show Homeland w/ muslims)
