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CVS > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Afterload

A

Load heart must eject blood against

Aortic pressure

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2
Q

Preload

A

Amount ventricles are stretched in diastole
Associated with EDV
Related to central venous pressure

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3
Q

Total peripheral resistance

A

Resistance to blood flow by all systemic vasculature

Main resistance vessels = arterioles

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4
Q

Effect on pressure with increased resistance

A

Decreases

Arterioles constrict - increase resistance and decrease pressure in capillaries

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5
Q

TPR increase

CO same

A

MABP increases

Venous pressure decreases

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6
Q

CO Increases

TPR same

A

MABP increases

Venous pressure decreases

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7
Q

Exercise

A

Arterioles and precapillary sphincters dilate- Vasodilation
TPR decreases
CO increases
MABP same

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8
Q

Stroke volume

A

EDV - ESV

70ml

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9
Q

Decreased compliance

A

Higher pressure at EDV
less stretch of walls
Hypertrophic and stiff

Common in elderly

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10
Q

Intrinsic control of BP

A

Frank Starking law

Increased venous return 
Increased venous pressure 
Increased EDV 
Increased stretch (pre load)
Increased force of contraction 
Increased SV
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11
Q

Length tension

A

Too short - sarcomeres overlap - interfere with contraction

Max - 2.2 macrometres

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12
Q

Contractility

A

Force of contraction for a given fibre length for a giver EDP

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13
Q

Factors affecting contractility

A

Extrinsic factors

Sympathetic stimulation - adrenaline increase contractility

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14
Q

Aortic impedance

A

Aortic pressure

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15
Q

Factors affecting ESV and CO

A 
EDV - Intrinsic factors 
Contractility - extrinsic factors 
Aortic impedance 
HR 
SV
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16
Q

Eating meal

A

Decrease in TPR - vasodilation
Arterial pressure decreases and venous pressure increases
HR increases - compensation
SV increases

Increases CO - increases MABP and decreases venous pressure

17
Q

Postural hypotension

A

Pooling of blood in legs as distensible veins

Decreased venous return 
Decreased venous pressure 
Decreased EDV 
Decreased preload 
Decreased SV 
Decreased CO and MABP

Less blood to brain - dizzy

Cannot be adjusted intrinsically as venous and arterial pressure decreased

Extrinsic factors - baroreceptors - increase HR and TPR

18
Q

Exercise on venous system

A

Muscles contract aiding venous return
Venous constriction - pumps reservoirs - increase venous return
Later - vasodilation - decreased TPR - increase venous pressure

HR and contractility increases to meet demands

19
Q

Jugular venous pulse

A

Right internal jugular vein
Inferior to sternomastoid
Patient lies at 45 degree angle
Biphasic pulse

20
Q

Increase JV pulse

A

Right sided heart failure
IV fusion overload
Block in vena cava
Pericardial effusion

CVS (14 decks)

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